Sample Answer for NUR-635 Topic 8 DQ 2 Included After Question
Rachel is a mother of two, an 18-month-old and a child who just turned 4 years old. She wants to make sure she is on track for their respective vaccination schedules. Rachel comes to your clinic for help to guide her regarding which vaccines are needed based on her children’s ages. After speaking to her, you find that she has kept her children up-to-date thus far.
Provide Rachel with a schedule of the recommended vaccines needed for each child. Determine monitoring, side effects, and drug-drug interactions associated with the recommended vaccines. Describe catch-up considerations, special situations, and contraindications and precautions associated with the recommended vaccines. Discuss ethnic, cultural, and genetic considerations that must be considered for treatment.
American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education
This assignment aligns to AACN Core Competencies 1.2, 2.2, 2.5. 4.2, 6.4, 9.2
A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NUR-635 Topic 8 DQ 2
Title: NUR-635 Topic 8 DQ 2
According to CDC, 2023 guidelines for immunization 18months are expected to have the following vaccinations:
DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis)
MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Hepatitis A (if not already administered)
IPV (Polio)
In accordance to 2023 CDC guidelines a 4-year-old child is expected to be vaccinated with the following:
DTaP (booster)
MMR (booster)
Varicella (booster)
IPV (booster)
Influenza (annual flu shot)
Monitoring: It is important to observe for any immediate adverse reactions following vaccination, including fever, injection site erythema, edema, or fever, as well as any unusual behavior. Regular well-child examinations can aid in the evaluation of a child’s general health (CDC, 2023).
Adverse Reactions: Typical adverse effects consist of moderate fever, agitation, or discomfort at the site of injection. Although serious adverse effects are uncommon, it is advised to consult a medical professional in the event of experiencing severe allergic reactions or a fever that is extremely high.
Drug Interactions Among Medications: In general, with CDC immunization rules, vaccines do not exhibit substantial interactions with other medications. However, provider should find out if the infant has any specific health conditions or is taking any medications.
Catch-up Considerations: Following CDC guidelines is imperative to adhere to the prescribed catch-up schedule in order to make up for any missed dosage.
Particular Circumstances: According to CDC (2023) in the event that your children possess distinct health conditions or allergies, it is imperative that you apprise your healthcare provider so that they may receive tailored guidance.
Contraindications and Precautions: Contraindications may apply to minors who have specific medical conditions or severe allergies. If a child is afflicted with a moderate to severe ailment at the time of vaccination, precautions are implemented (CDC, 2023).
Considerations of an Ethnic, Cultural, or Genetic Nature: According to CDC (2023) Vaccine recommendations and responses might exhibit variations in accordance with ethnic, cultural, or genetic characteristics. practitioners can offer recommendations that are specifically designed to address the requirements for children.
As a practitioner patient is expected to adhere to all recommendation and keep a record of your vaccinations. Maintaining current vaccination records for your children is critical in order to safeguard them against avoidable illnesses and secure their sustained well-being.
References
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule by Age. Recommendations for Ages 18 Years or Younger, United States. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html#vaccines-schedule
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According to Ada, G. (2001), vaccination is considered a crucial strategy in the prevention of illness in children, making it an integral component of pediatric preventive care. The decline in morbidity and death rates seen in the last century due to the implementation of regular childhood vaccines is very significant. According to Rauch et al. (2018), immunization is an effective application of immunotherapy that aims to combat many infectious illnesses by activating the immune system to generate targeted antibodies or lymphocytes, hence countering infections. Additionally, immunization has also shown promising results in providing defense against malignant tumors. The administration of this immunotherapy induces the development of an enduring immune memory. The existing vaccines provide protection against a range of diseases including diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, pneumococcal pneumonia, smallpox, sepsis, meningitis, hepatitis B, varicella-zoster, tuberculosis, cholera, diarrhea caused by rotavirus, salmonellosis, and dengue. The advancements in vaccine technology in recent times have underscored the need of global readiness for a pandemic, as seen by the introduction of diseases such as HIV, SARS, avian influenza, Ebola, and Zika.
It is of utmost importance to provide Rachel with education pertaining to the schedules of immunization and the inherent value of each vaccine administered to her children. It is essential to inform her with the post-vaccination monitoring measures for the youngster. According to the research conducted by Justiz Vaillant AA and Grella MJ (2023), it has been shown that all vaccinations include contraindications in the form of severe allergic responses, such as anaphylactic reactions, which may occur either after a prior dosage or due to an allergic response to a specific component of the vaccine. Contraindication of DTaP is warranted in the event if a child manifests encephalopathy within a seven-day period subsequent to the administration of a previous dosage of DTP or DTaP, provided that other potential causes of cerebral disease have been excluded. The administration of the Hepatitis B vaccination is contraindicated in those who exhibit intolerance to yeast. The administration of the Hib vaccination is not recommended for babies who are less than six weeks of age. The administration of the MMR vaccination is contraindicated in those who have a confirmed diagnosis of severe immunodeficiency resulting from lymphoid malignancies, congenital factors, chemotherapy treatment, a family history of immunosuppression, or those who are living with HIV/AIDS. The administration of the rotavirus vaccination should be contraindicated in children who have a medical history of intussusception. Additionally, attention should be used while administering the vaccine to individuals with compromised immune function, except those with severe combined immunodeficiency condition.
Rachel, like with other parents, expresses apprehension about the potential negative consequences of vaccination, based on both empirical evidence and personal narratives. In a poll conducted by Bronfin D. R. (2008), over 25% of parents expressed concerns regarding the excessive administration of vaccinations to their children, positing potential implications for the compromised functionality of their immune systems. Concerns arise among parents over the “pincushion effect” due to the current guidelines suggesting the administration of 19 injections during the first two years of a child’s life. Undoubtedly, it is reasonable to anticipate that a universally administered biologic product would not be devoid of adverse effects. However, it is crucial to ascertain whether these side effects are predominantly mild and temporary, or if they can lead to chronic illness or long-term neurodevelopmental impairment at a rate that is deemed “alarmingly high” as conveyed in popular media. Another significant concern pertains to a case published in Lancet in 1998, which suggested a connection between the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and autism. However, subsequent investigations conducted by the Institute of Medicine vaccine safety review, along with other scholarly publications, have issued statements that discredit any causal associations between the vaccine and autism (Bronfin D. R. 2008). When discussing vaccination with parents, a health professional should emphasize the vaccine’s effectiveness and safety as well as its universality. In order to convince parents and patients that the benefits of vaccines much exceed the little risk involved, healthcare professionals must stay abreast of any and all new information that raises doubts about the safety of immunizations for children.
References:
Ada G. (2001). Vaccines and vaccinations. N Engl J Med. 345:1042–1053.
Bronfin D. R. (2008). Childhood immunization controversies: what are parents asking?. The Ochsner journal, 8(3), 151–156.
Ginglen JG, & Doyle MQ. (2023). Immunization. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459331/
Justiz Vaillant AA, & Grella MJ. (2023). Vaccine (Vaccination). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532895/
Rauch, S., Jasny, E., Schmidt, KE., & Petsch B. (2018). New Vaccine Technologies to Combat Outbreak Situations. Front Immunol. 9:1963.
