HLTH-6038-1/HLTH-8038E-1 Health Behavior Theory-Spring 2024
Module 1 Discussion
APPLYING THE SELF-EFFICACY THEORY
Have you ever tried to change a behavior, such as starting a walking routine after a period of being sedentary? Perhaps you convinced yourself this was something you could do because you had already mastered another good habit, such as giving up sweets. Put simply, your earlier success gave you the confidence to succeed at something else. This is the premise of the Self-Efficacy Theory, identified as an intrapersonal theory. In essence, it centers on the idea that an individual’s belief that he or she can accomplish something is critical to attempting it. Self-Efficacy Theory includes the constructs of mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and somatic and emotional states, which are defined in your Learning Resources.
Like most theories and models, however, the Self-Efficacy Theory cannot be unilaterally applied the same way to all individuals in all populations. Other factors enter the equation and must be taken into consideration. For example, how might gender, age, socioeconomic status, self-esteem, or other factors affect one’s beliefs?
For this Discussion, you apply the Self-Efficacy Theory to different populations using the health behavior examples provided.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
TO PREPARE :
Review this module’s Resources.
Focus on Hayden (2023), Chapter 2, “Medication Adherence, When Lifestyle is the Medicine” (pp. 25-34).
Reflect on your individual Strength Finder strengths discovered in HLTH 8003 or HLTH 6005.
BY DAY 3
Using the Self-Efficacy Theory example from Hayden (2023), Chapter 2, “Medication Adherence, When Lifestyle is the Medicine” respond to the following questions:
Why is it important to help people choose the right lifestyle behaviors to change?
What qualifies as a “mastery experience”?
Why is it important for people to have mastery experiences when changing behavior?
According to the article authors, how might a person’s perception of an unsuccessful mastery experience be turned around?
One barrier to strong self-efficacy for lifestyle behavior change is the belief that the change can lead to adverse consequences. How does vicarious experience address this?
How can the potential debilitating effects of emotional or physical reactions to a lifestyle behavior change be addressed?
Then, describe how, when exposed to stress and challenges, Self-Efficacy Theory might influence one of your strengths from your individual Strength Finder (from HLTH 8003 or HLTH 6005).
Note: If you have not previously completed the StrengthsFinder for any reason (for example you did not have this in any of your prior courses) please contact your Program Director or Coordinator for instructions on completing the StrengthsFinder Assessment.
BY DAY 5
Respond to at least three of your peers with a substantive contribution by asking questions and/or adding additional insight and resources.
Refer to the Rubric for specific grading criteria on what constitutes substantive content and peer engagement.
Continue the Discussion until Day 7.
Be sure to cite information using APA style.
HLTH-6038-1/HLTH-8038E-1 Health Behavior Theory-Spring 2024
Module 2 Discussion
SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY AND BULLYING
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is classified as an interpersonal level theory including the constructs of self-efficacy, observational learning, expectations, expectancies, emotional arousal, locus of control, reinforcement, and behavioral capability. Within the construct of Social Cognitive Theory, personal and environmental factors play a large role in health behavior—and they interact with each other. Changing one changes them all.
In this Discussion, you will examine the Social Cognitive Theory as it relates to addressing the negative behavior of bullying. You will explore how the constructs impact the development of the negative behavior of bullying as well as how it can be used to create anti-bullying programs.
Note: This Discussion will span the full 2 weeks of this module, with your final participation culminating on Day 7 of Week 3 in the second week of the module.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
TO PREPARE:
Review the resources in this module and Focus on “Parent and Household Influences on Calcium Intake Among Early Adolescents” (Hayden, 2023, pp. 180-198).
BY DAY 5 OF WEEK 2
Post your responses to the following selected questions from Theory in Action-Article Questions (Hayden, 2023, p. 199):
What behavior is of concern in this article and why?
Which ethnic groups are most at risk of the long-term consequence of the behavior of concern?
In what ways do the authors propose parents influence the environment, behavior, and personal factors of their children associated with the behavior of concern?
Why did the authors conduct the study in the article?
What social and environmental factors did the authors investigate related to the behavior of concern?
What did the authors find out about how social and environmental factors that influence the behavior of concern?
Based on the results of their study, what suggestions did the authors make regarding program development?
Be sure to cite information using APA style.
BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 2
Respond to at least three of your peers with a substantive contribution by asking questions and/or adding additional insight and resources.
Refer to the Rubric for specific grading criteria on what constitutes substantive content and peer engagement.
Continue the Discussion until Day 7 of Week 3.
HLTH-6038-1/HLTH-8038E-1 Health Behavior Theory-Spring 2024
Module 3 Discussion
APPLYING THE THEORIES OF REASONED ACTION/PLANNED BEHAVIOR AND THE TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL TO HEALTH CHALLENGES
The Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior is based on the principle that one’s “intention” to perform a behavior is the key, rather than as previously thought, that one’s attitude alone toward the behavior is the driving force. The Transtheoretical Model, which is classified as a theory, is based on the concept that behavior change is a process that occurs in specific stages, irrespective of the behavior.
In this Discussion you will explore the application of the Transtheoretical Model to better understand the health literacy of inner-city families and their purchase of fruits and vegetables at convenience stores.
Note: This Discussion will span the full 2 weeks of this module, with your final participation culminating on Day 7 of Week 5 in the second week of the module.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
TO PREPARE
Consider what resources are available to inner-city families and what access might they have to fresh fruits and vegetables. Then consider how the Transtheoretical Model might apply to these inner-city families and their access to fresh fruits and vegetables.
BY DAY 5 OF WEEK 4
Explain why someone might use the Transtheoretical Model to better understand an inner-city family’s purchase of fruits and vegetables at a convenience store
Analyze how health literacy impacts the purchase of fruits and vegetables
Be sure to cite information using APA style.
BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 4
Respond to at least three of your peers with a substantive contribution by asking questions and/or adding additional insight and resources.
Refer to the Rubric for specific grading criteria on what constitutes substantive content and peer engagement.
Continue the Discussion until Day 7 of Week 5.
HLTH-6038-1/HLTH-8038E-1 Health Behavior Theory-Spring 2024
Module 4 Discussion
PROTECTION MOTIVATION THEORY
Within the Protective Motivation Theory (PMT), threat and coping appraisals are important constructs. This theory is classified as an intrapersonal level theory and includes the constructs of threat severity, threat probability (vulnerability), response efficacy, self-efficacy expectancy, and response costs.
In this Discussion, you will examine PMT as it relates to determinants of adherence regarding COVID 19 among the Belgian population . Specifically, you will explore how the constructs of PMT impact this health issue as well as how this theory might be used to create effective risk reducing strategies.
Note: This Discussion will span the full 2 weeks of this module, with your final participation culminating on Day 7 of Week 7 in the second week of the module.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
TO PREPARE
Review the resources in this module and focus on “Determinants of Adherence to COVID-19 Measures among the Belgian Population: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory” (Hayden, 2023, pp. 153-164).
BY DAY 5 OF WEEK 6
Post your responses to the following selected questions from your course text (Hayden, 2023, p. 165):
What were the public health measures recommended by the Belgian government?
What was the underlying message of communications from the Belgian government in its attempt to motivate people to comply with recommended public health measures, and what was the reasoning behind this?
According to the article authors, what is the likely success of getting people to adhere to the public health prevention measures if communications are solely based on the underlying message used by the government?
To which recommendations did people adhere to the most in the past, and to which would they adhere to most in the future?
To which recommendations did people adhere to least in the past and to which would they least adhere to in the future?
What did the authors find when they surveyed people in Belgium about the relationship between the constructs of the PMT and adherence to the recommended public health measures?
Be sure to cite information using APA style.
BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 6
Respond to at least three of your peers with a substantive contribution by asking questions and/or adding additional insight and resources.
Refer to the Rubric for specific grading criteria on what constitutes substantive content and peer engagement.
Continue the Discussion until Day 7 of Week 7
HLTH-6038-1/HLTH-8038E-1 Health Behavior Theory-Spring 2024
Module 2 Assignment
APPLYING THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL TO POPULATIONS
The Health Belief Model (HBM) has been used extensively to create effective health behavior change interventions and programs. The focus of the HBM is to describe how certain personal beliefs influence health behavior. Using the HBM constructs of perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, cues to action, modifying variables, and self-efficacy, you will apply the health belief model to a specific health topic.
For this Assignment, the topic will be assigned by your Instructor. However, you will select a target population from the populations provided in the Target Population document found in your Learning Resources.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
TO PREPARE:
Review this module’s Resources.
Visit the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research’s Social and Behavioral Theories website to review the constructs of the Health Belief Model and complete Exercise 1.
Review the topic assigned to you by your Instructor. Please be sure to contact your Instructor if you have any questions.
Select one target population from the populations provided in the Target Population document found in your Learning Resources.
Select at least three peer-reviewed, scholarly articles related to your assigned topic and target population.
Submit a 3- to 4-page paper (not including title page and references) that includes the following:
Title page
Health Belief Model
In your own words, provide a brief description of the Health Belief Model.
Perceived Benefits and Perceived Barriers
Using the constructs of perceived benefits and perceived barriers, describe the assigned health topic and how these constructs apply to your selected target group. Be specific and provide examples.
Other Constructs
Select two other constructs of your choice and describe how the constructs specifically apply to your target group and the assigned health topic. Be specific and provide examples.
Summary of HBM
Summarize the HBM and its application to your selected target and assigned health topic.
APA formatted references
HLTH-6038-1/HLTH-8038E-1 Health Behavior Theory-Spring 2024
Module 3 Assignment
APPLYING THEORIES AND MODELS TO EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS FOR TARGET POPULATIONS
Creating educational interventions to help improve the overall health of a target population is an essential skill for public health and health education professionals. Intervening in peoples’ lives to positively impact their health and well-being can also be rewarding. However, it is essential that the creation of educational interventions is done using the appropriate tools and skills and that you carefully select and apply theories and models to attain the best results possible.
For this Assignment, you will use the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior to design an educational plan to counter a trend within your selected topic related to your assigned target.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
TO PREPARE
Download the Topics document found in your Learning Resources and select a topic from the list.
Review the Learning Resources.
Your Instructor will assign you a target population to focus on for this Assignment.
Submit a 3- to 4-page paper (not including title page and references) that includes the following:
Using the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, design an educational plan to counter a trend within your assigned target population related to your selected topic.
Within your educational plan, be sure to respond to the following:
List the beliefs of the target regarding the topic.
List the evaluations of those beliefs (identify list as important/not important).
What are the beliefs of the target population (subjective norm)?
Are the targets capable and confident to complete behavior (Perceived Behavioral Control)?
Note: These constructs will help you to identify the “behavioral intention” of the target for the topic. The greater the behavioral intention, the greater the potential for engaging in the behavior.
BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 5
Submit your Assignment.
SUBMISSION INFORMATION
Before submitting your final assignment, you can check your draft for authenticity. To check your draft, access the Turnitin Drafts from the Start Here area.
To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment as MD3Assgn_LastName_Firstinitial
Then, click on Start Assignment near the top of the page.
Next, click on Upload File and select Submit Assignment for review.
HLTH-6038-1/HLTH-8038E-1 Health Behavior Theory-Spring 2024
Module 4 Assignment
APPLYING THE SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL MODEL
The Social-Ecological Model (SEM) has been used to explain/predict behavior from an ecological perspective. The focus of the SEM is to describe how specific levels of influence, as well as internal and external factors, interact to impact and shape health behavior. Using the levels of intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community, and societal factors, you will be asked to apply the SEM to a specific health topic. While the topic will be assigned by your Instructor, you will select a target group to focus on.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
TO PREPARE
Review the topic assigned to you by your Instructor.
Download the Target Population document from your Learning Resources and select one target population to focus on.
Review the Module 4 Resources.
Submit a 3- to 4-page paper (not including title page and references) that includes the following:
Title page
Social-Ecological Model
In your own words, provide a brief description of the Social-Ecological Model.
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Levels
Describe how the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels can/do influence the assigned health topic and how these levels pertain to your selected target group. Be specific and provide examples.
Institutional, Community, and Societal Levels
Describe how the institutional, community, and societal levels can/do impact the assigned health topic and how these levels pertain to your selected target group. Be specific and provide examples.
Challenges to Achieving Health Equity
Describe how structural bias, social inequities, and racism can create challenges to achieving health equity for your specific targeted group for your assigned health topic.
Summary of the Application of SEM
Summarize the application of the SEM to your selected target group and assigned health topic.
Reference List
Include a reference list using APA format.
Note: Remember to cite your sources within your text where you refer to them, using APA format. Be sure to include peer-reviewed journal articles that establish the evidence-based research for your responses.
BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 7
Submit your paper.
SUBMISSION INFORMATION
Before submitting your final assignment, you can check your draft for authenticity. To check your draft, access the Turnitin Drafts from the Start Here area.
To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment as MD4Assgn_LastName_Firstinitial
Then, click on Start Assignment near the top of the page.
Next, click on Upload File and select Submit Assignment for review.
HLTH-6038-1/HLTH-8038E-1 Health Behavior Theory-Spring 2024
Module 5 Assignment
APPLYING THE PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL
From an ecological perspective, the Precede-Proceed model has been used to plan effective behavior change programs for over three decades. It was originally developed as the Precede model, with the Proceed part concentrating on intervention and evaluation added later.
The PRECEDE acronym stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational and/or Environmental Diagnosis and Evaluation. While the PROCEED acronym represents Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development.
The following phases make up the Precede part:
Phase 1: Social Assessment
Phase 2: Epidemiological, Behavioral, and Environmental Assessment
Phase 3: Educational and Ecological Assessment
Phase 4: Administrative and Policy Assessment and Intervention Alignment
The Proceed part of the model consists of:
Phase 5: Implementation
Phase 6: Process evaluation
Phase 7: Impact evaluation
Phase 8: Outcome evaluation
The focus of the model is on the outcome rather than the activities. Using the eight phases, you will be asked to apply the Precede-Proceed model to a specific health topic and target population.
Planning, implementing, and evaluating a successful intervention, with its many “moving parts,” requires planners to have a “framework” by which to track the critical aspects of the intervention. Intervention Mapping provides for a sort of scope and sequence timeline, with key decision points, so that decisions can be made efficiently and effectively at these key points of planning, implementation, and evaluation. Intervention Mapping allows planners to use theory constructs to assess needs and strengths of a population, and design initiatives to address (needs) or utilize (strengths) these in a systematic order. As with any event, the process requires specific planning, and in public health education, Intervention Mapping can be a meaningful tool.
Both the Precede-Proceed model and Intervention Mapping will assist you in utilizing theory and effectively designing health interventions. Using theory and planning models as a basis for designing health interventions will result in more successful outcomes for target populations.
While the target population will be assigned by your Instructor, you will be asked to select a topic from the Topics document found in this module’s Resources.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
TO PREPARE
Download the Topics document from your Learning Resources and select one topic to focus on.
Review the Module 5 Resources.
Submit a 6- to 7-page paper (not including title page or references) that includes the following:
Title page
Section headers addressing each of the following required sections for the narrative:
In your own words, provide a brief description of the Precede-Proceed model.
Using the Phase 2: Epidemiological, Behavioral, and Environmental Assessment, expand upon the factors you selected for this phase.
Discuss/compare the behavior/lifestyle and environmental factors for your topic and target group.
Explain why these were selected and deemed important to the health topic and target group.
Using the Phase 3-Educational and Ecological assessment, discuss the predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors for your topic and target group.
Explain why these were selected and deemed important to the health topic and target group.
Using the Phase 4-Administration and policy assessment and Intervention Alignment, discuss the health education and policy regulation factors for your topic and target group.
Explain why these were selected and deemed important to the health topic and target group.
Briefly discuss how Phases 5–8 of the Proceed part of the model apply to your topic and target group.
Summarize the Precede-Proceed Model and its application to your selected target group and assigned health topic.
Include a reference list using APA format.
Note:
Cite the sources within your text where you refer to them, using APA format.
Be sure to include peer-reviewed journal articles that establish the evidence-based research for your responses.
Be sure to present your narrative in paragraph form and avoid simply listing or bulleting the information.
Your final document should include title page, the narrative and an APA reference list presented in the format as described in the instructions.
BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 9
Submit your paper.
SUBMISSION INFORMATION
Before submitting your final assignment, you can check your draft for authenticity. To check your draft, access the Turnitin Drafts from the Start Here area.
To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment as MD5Assgn_LastName_Firstinitial
Then, click on Start Assignment near the top of the page.
Next, click on Upload File and select Submit Assignment for review.
HLTH-6038-1/HLTH-8038E-1 Health Behavior Theory-Spring 2024
Module 6 Assignment
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THEORY/MODELS IN “REAL WORLD” SITUATIONS
For this Assignment, you will identify a health issue (topic) and a target population from within your community. The specific community health issue and target population selected for this intervention must be a verifiable health topic and target in your specific community. Then, using any of the theories/models discussed in this course, you will create an intervention to address this public health issue. The constructs of the theory/model chosen must be used in the creation of the intervention to address the selected population health issue. The resulting intervention must attempt to impact health behaviors or threats to the health and well-being of the selected target population.
This Assignment is about being creative and innovative, within the confines of evidence-based theory and producing an intervention. Your intervention can be either a one-time shot or long-term program that could be of value in addressing the specific need within the community in which you reside. Budget is not necessarily a concern here, so go wild if you like! Grading for this assignment will consider the following:
Understanding of the theory/model chosen
Feasibility of the intervention created based on the theory/model constructs
Level of creativity in addressing an identified community issue
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
TO PREPARE
Explain why you chose the particular health issue within your community. (Examples might be alcohol use reduction for teens at prom, anti-smoking campaigns for construction workers, HIV/AIDS education programs for elementary students, disease prevention and health promotion for seniors at a long-term care facility, or increasing diagnostic testing participation for colonoscopies with middle-class women over 60 years of age.)
The specific topic and target population must be selected from your community and must be a verifiable issue. To be verifiable, it must have been a newspaper story, a health department memo or newsletter, a city proclamation, or any issue for which you can provide actual documentation, to verify, that the issue you chose was one currently or recently occurring in your community. That documentation must be provided with your response.
Choose a specific theory or model, and explain why you are using this one in creating an intervention to address this public health issue. Your intervention must use the constructs of the theory/model and must be specific to the target group, for that topic, in your community. For example, the Social-Ecological Model (discussed last MOD) is composed of levels, namely interpersonal, intrapersonal, institutional, community, and societal. It is based on the belief that change within the physical and social environments will also influence health behavior within individuals. Consequently, if one chose the SEM as their theory/model, emphasis on the 5 levels would be critical. If, on the other hand, the Social Capital Theory was chosen, it is based on networks and relationships, with the two important factors being trust and reciprocity. So, your intervention most certainly would address cooperation, working together, and building strong bonds for healthy relationships and communities.
Write an 8- to 9-page paper (not including title page and references) that includes the following:
Title page
Introduction of health issue and target population with documentation and brief explanation
Theory/model to be employed in addressing issue (explain why you chose this theory/model)
Identify the constructs of the theory/model and explain how they apply to your community issue
At least one paragraph specifically describing your intervention for each construct
Evaluation of intervention
Conclusion
BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 10
Submit your Assignment.
SUBMISSION INFORMATION
Before submitting your final assignment, you can check your draft for authenticity. To check your draft, access the Turnitin Drafts from the Start Here area.
To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment as MD6Assgn_LastName_Firstinitial
Then, click on Start Assignment near the top of the page.
Next, click on Upload File and select Submit Assignment for review.
HLTH-6038-1/HLTH-8038E-1 Health Behavior Theory-Spring 2024
Module 1 Quiz
Question 1
A community level theory focuses on public policy.
True
False
Question 2
The terms model and theory can be used interchangeably, as they both have the same meaning.
True
False
Question 3
Most health behaviors are driven by education alone.
True
False
Question 4
Repeated observation of higher rates of injury among teen athletes during practices with minimal attention to safety equipment use and lower rates during games with maximum attention to safety equipment use leads to the conclusion that safety equipment prevents injury is an example of:
Selective reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Attentive reasoning
Question 5
Which of the following best summarizes a theory’s “concept?”
It is the way in which the theory is used
It is the foundation or idea underlying the theory
It is the outcome expected from using the theory
It is the operationalization of the constructs
Question 6
Theories
come from a need to solve a problem.
are tested and become laws.
cannot be changed once developed.
determine cause and effect.
Question 7
Lowering sodium intake reduces stroke risk. Stroke risk is highest among people with high blood pressure. Lower sodium diets help control high blood pressure. This is an example of:
Selective reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Attentive reasoning
Question 8
The Self-Efficacy Theory construct of mastery experiences explains that people will try to do new something if it is similar to something they already do well.
True
False
Question 9
When anxiety results from thinking about engaging in a behavior, chances are people will avoid engaging in the behavior.
True
False
Question 10
Learning a new behavior that is similar to one already known increases self-efficacy.
True
False
Question 11
According to Self-Efficacy Theory, efficacious people see difficult tasks as threats and avoid them.
True
False
Question 12
Which of the following best summarizes the concept of the Self-Efficacy Theory?
People will generally try anything they haven’t done before.
People will only attempt to do what they think they can do.
People will try something new if there is a tangible reward.
People will repeat something new until they get it right.
Question 13
Which construct of the Self-Efficacy Theory would you use to explain behavior based on past success engaging in a similar behavior?
Verbal persuasion
Somatic and emotional states
Mastery experiences
Vicarious experiences
Question 14
Which construct of Self-Efficacy Theory would you use to explain behavior based on the support we get from others.
Verbal persuasion
Somatic and emotional states
Mastery experiences
Vicarious experiences
Question 15
Which of the following best illustrates the use of Self-Efficacy Theory to increase fruit and vegetable intake in XYZ community.
Hold a farmers’ market in a location accessible by public transportation so those without a car can participate.
Offer vegetarian cooking classes at a local restaurant so residents can practice preparing new foods.
Send a brochure to community residents with information about how many daily servings of fruit and vegetables they need each so they can make the changes.
Start a community garden so the residents can grow their own fruits and vegetables.
HLTH-6038-1/HLTH-8038E-1 Health Behavior Theory-Spring 2024
Module 3 Quiz
Question 1
Behavioral control is determined by a set of beliefs the person has that help or hinder performance of the behavior.
True
False
Question 2
According to the construct of volitional control, if engaging in a behavior is perceived as being easy, then the likelihood of engaging in the behavior is greater.
True
False
Question 3
Attitude toward a behavior affects intention to engage in the behavior.
True
False
Question 4
Volitional control refers to:
behavior we can engage in, at will
policies and regulations used to support behavior change.
the ability to maintain a behavior change
the external system needed to support behavior change.
Question 5
If you were using the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, to change behavior, which of the following would be your focus?
strengthening self-efficacy.
increasing awareness of health issue.
altering intention.
improving networks.
Question 6
The Theory of Reasoned Action would be appropriate to use as the basis of a program aimed at:
modifying threat.
increasing critical thinking.
changing intention.
decreasing external locus of control.
Question 7
Which of the following is the construct of the Theory of Reasoned Action that explains behavior based on what we think others expect of us?
societal marketing
subjective norms
social capital
subjected justice
Question 8
According to the Transtheoretical Model, when people are in the process of changing their behavior, one thing they do to move the change along is to see themselves engaging in the new behavior.
True
False
Question 9
People in the preparation stage of the Transtheoretical Model, are actively changing their behavior and preparing ways to sustain it once the change is complete.
True
False
Question 10
An example of the stimulus control process of the Transtheoretical Model is for someone who wants to change her diet to vegetarian to ignore what others have to say about her decision to make this change.
True
False
Question 11
According to the Transtheoretical Model, using the process of environmental reevaluation means that people look at their new behavior in light of how it will change the environment for the better.
True
False
Question 12
Which of the following is consistent with the process of reinforcement management in the Transtheoretical Model?
Fear of punishment for failing to maintain a new behavior is the most effective approach for helping people maintain a newly adopted behavior.
Rewards identified by the person engaged in the behavior change are the most effective in helping to maintain the behavior change.
Inconsistent, unexpected punishment for failure to maintain a behavior change is what helps people maintain their new behavior.
Rewards in general are more effective in helping people maintain new behaviors than are punishments for failing to maintain the behavior.
Question 13
According to the Transtheoretical Model, which of the following wouldassist people in maintaining their new/changed behavior?
Participating in self-help groups.
Having information about their health problem.
Doing values clarification exercises.
Understanding the effect their behavior has on the environment.
Question 14
If someone has not given any thought to changing his/her behavior, according to the Transtheoretical Model this person is:
in the pre-contemplation stage of change
in denial
demonstrating an external locus of control
in need of self-efficacy training
Question 15
When a teenager shares he is uncomfortable joining a gym because people will watch him exercise and will laugh at his out of shape body, this is consistent with which of the following processes of change in the Transtheoretical Model?
Counter- conditioning
Dramatic relief
Environmental Reevaluation
Social liberation
HLTH-6038-1/HLTH-8038E-1 Health Behavior Theory-Spring 2024
Module 4 Quiz
Question 1
The coping appraisal construct of Protection Motivation Theory explains that when people believe a recommended behavior is health enhancing, they are more likely to adopt it.
True
False
Question 2
The aim of Protection Motivation Theory is safeguarding against disease transmission.
True
False
Question 3
Coping response self-efficacy of Protection Motivation Theory is:
the belief in the effectiveness of the recommended behavior.
a determination of the difficulty of implementing a recommended behavior.
the extent of coping energy needed to adopt a recommended behavior.
contingent upon community level factors and cultural expectations.
Question 4
Threat severity, expectancy of exposure and response efficacy are best described as:
educational factors affecting a person’s decision to engage in a particular action
the means by which Protection Motivation Theory changes behavior.
thought processes used when deciding to adopt health protective behaviors.
knowledge needed before a behavior change can take place.
Question 5
In some situations the Protection Motivation Theory construct of threat appraisal isn’t effective in changing behavior because:
the consequences of not changing aren’t severe enough to change the behavior.
the likelihood of the threat happening is remote.
the reward from continuing the old behavior is greater than from the new.
the perception of danger is inconsistent.
Question 6
If you using the social ecological model to help an employer change the personal time allocations based on seniority at a large corporation, you would be changing factors at the intrapersonal level of influence.
True
False
Question 7
From a social ecological perspective, changing the norms of a neighborhood or school district changes behavior because social or environmental norms drive people’s behavior.
True
False
Question 8
A growing body of research that shows high school classes starting later than 8:30 a.m. are related to better academic performance, less depression, and fewer car accidents. Based on this, you’ve been assign the task of assisting the ABC school board with developing an initiative to change the start time at ABC high school. This is an example of influencing behavior at which ecological level?
interpersonal level
institutional level
community level
societal level
Question 9
In planning an intervention using the social ecological model, which level would you be addressing by focusing on attitudes, beliefs and knowledge?
Intrapersonal
interpersonal level
institutional level
community level
Question 10
In developing a school based childhood obesity program using a social ecological approach, which level would be addressed by focusing on the food served in the cafeteria?
Internal level
Interpersonal level
Educational level
Institutional level
Question 11
In a corporate setting, the relationship between lower health insurance costs for the employer and expected employee behaviors is demonstrative of linking social capital.
True
False
Question 12
Bridging relationships, according to Social Capital Theory, are those that provide a safe haven for people as they transition from one relationship to another.
True
False
Question 13
From a Social Capital Theory perspective, before behavior can change, which of the following is needed?
Access to the community leaders who have a greater amount of social capital.
An understanding of the dynamics between the different social groups in the community.
Trust and the desire for mutual exchange of resources among the people involved.
Network members with strong self-efficacy and internal locus of control.
Question 14
Bridging relationships, according to Social Capital Theory, are those that:
Form when groups of people from diverse backgrounds come together for the same reason, to attain the same outcome.
Last longer than any other type of relationship because the people are connected by virtue of a shared cultural heritage.
Give members of the group access to those in authority positions that they would not have otherwise had access to.
Provide a safe haven for people as they transition from one relationship to another.
Question 15
Imagine you were asked to work with the student health services on your campus to reduce the incidence of binge drinking using the construct of bridging relationships from Social Capital Theory. Which of the following would be consistent with this approach?
Developing stricter consequences for students who supplied the alcohol that enabled binging.
Working with campus security and the local police to increase surveillance and detection of social gatherings where binge drinking often occurs.
Asking student leaders to help in developing a means to address the problem.
Instituting a confidential system to enable students to report incidents of binge drinking.
HLTH-6038-1/HLTH-8038E-1 Health Behavior Theory-Spring 2024
Module 5 Quiz
Question 1
Step 6 of intervention mapping involves evaluation.
True
False
Question 2
The passage uses the analogy of building a wood-frame house to highlight the importance of planning before implementing an intervention.
True
False
Question 3
The Health Belief Model is not a theory.
True
False
Question 4
According to the passage, PRECEDE-PROCEED focuses only on health intervention and not on community intervention in general.
True
False
Question 5
According to the passage, the PROCEED Phase 7 involves process evaluation to determine if the planned activities are being carried out.
True
False
Question 6
The Precede-Proceed Model is a planning model.
True
False
Question 7
In step 4 of Intervention Mapping, the objectives for a program are developed.
True
False
Question 8
What does an ecological and systems perspective, as applied in Intervention mapping, recognize?
Individual factors have the strongest impact on behaviors.
Theories are not relevant in understanding health problems.
Social and physical environmental conditions may strongly impact behaviors.
Determinants of behavior and environmental causes are irrelevant.
Question 9
Planners trying to understand the community they are working in would use which of these;
Social assessment
Participatory planning
Situation analysis
All of the above
Question 10
The original Precede Model included a separate category of non-behavioral factors such as,
Environmental history
Natural history of disease
Logic models for planning
Risk factors in disease
Question 11
“The rewards received and the feedback the learner receives from others following the adaption of a behavior” are called
Predisposing factors
Reinforcing factors
Enabling factors
None of the above
Question 12
In the Intervention Mapping approach, which perspective emphasizes equity in decision-making and community/stakeholder engagement in all phases of planning?
Ecological perspective
Systems approach
Participatory planning
Theory-based approach
Question 13
What does PRECEDE-PROCEED focus on as the wellspring of health promotion?
Individual behavior
Government regulations
Community
Economic factors
Question 14
“Those skills, resources, or barriers that can help or hinder the desired behavioral changes” are called
Predisposing factors
Reinforcing factors
Enabling factors
None of the above
Question 15
Regarding the Precede Model, which theory/ theories are routinely used in health promotion to examine proposed determinants of behavior
Social Cognitive Theory
Theory of Planned Behavior/Reasoned Action
Health Belief Model
All of the above
HLTH-6038-1/HLTH-8038E-1 Health Behavior Theory-Spring 2024
Module 6 Final Exam
Question 1
Religion plays a small and insignificant role in health behavior.
True
False
Question 2
Behavior change concentrating on factors within social systems is primarily rooted in intrapersonal level theory.
True
False
Question 3
Theories that explain behavior at the societal level would focus on factors such as:
Relationships and expectations
Behavioral expectations and cultural norms
Public policies and laws
Gender and beliefs
Question 4
Theories
come from a need to solve a problem.
are tested and become laws.
cannot be changed once developed.
determine cause and effect.
Question 5
Which of the following best summarizes a theory’s “concept?”
It is the way in which the theory is used
It is the foundation or idea underlying the theory
It is the outcome expected from using the theory
It is the operationalization of the constructs
Question 6
Learning a new behavior that is similar to one already known increases self-efficacy.
True
False
Question 7
The somatic and emotional state resulting from thinking about engaging in a behavior affects self-efficacy and the likelihood of engaging in the behavior.
True
False
Question 8
The most effective way to increase self-efficacy is through vicarious learning.
True
False
Question 9
Which construct of the Self-Efficacy Theory would you use to explain behavior based on observing the success or failure of others who are similar to us?
Verbal persuasion
Somatic and emotional states
Mastery experiences
Vicarious experiences
Question 10
According to the construct of mastery experiences in Self-Efficacy Theory, attempting new behavior is more likely if:
observational opportunities of the new behavior are available.
an expert on the behavior provides guidance.
the new behavior is similar to something already done well.
