DIRECT MANIPULATION PRINCIPLES
Keywords: The major principles of direct manipulation. Process based on selection, interrupted and visible performance of an object
PART – 1 DIRECT MANIPULATION PRINCIPLES
Three Major Principles of Direct Manipulation
Process based on selection, interrupted and visible performance of object
Process based on selection is immediately displayed, which works fast, incremental and two sided actions
Process based on selection using pointing action instead of typed commands (No Syntax)
Advantages of Direct Manipulation
Beginners learn Quickly
Seldom users can remember concepts
Getting error messages are not often
Users finds their actions are promoting their goals
User friendly
Potential Problems of Direct Manipulation
Visual representation can be too detail
High-level flowchart & database schema can become confusing
Design may mislead to their goals
User must know the meaning of images which is displayed
Typing commands or using short keys with the keyboard may be faster
PART – 2 MULTI-TOUCH INTERACTION
Two Hardware Technologies which detect multi-finger action
Microsoft Surface and Microsoft Touch wall are some of the two hardware technologies which detect multi-finger action.
MICROSOFT SURFACE MICROSOFT TOUCH WALL
Microsoft Surface Mechanism:
Microsoft Surface has a rugged table top structure, with powerful processors and intuitive interface, which is versatile and horizontal viewing.
Microsoft Surface is multi-touch computer which grabs digital substance with your hands and move with simple touches instead of using mouse and keyboard
Microsoft Surface use camera and image recognition in a infrared spectrum to detect with sense of objects such as fingers, tagged items & shapes
The input is then processed by computer and the sequent interaction is displayed using rear projection
Microsoft Surface is based on Windows Vista SP1 operating system and it has 30 inch XGA DLP projector with maximum resolution, pressure & load.
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Pros:
It makes convenient work space and easy to use
It is used in hotel to speed up the self check – ins
It is used in restaurants to order and pay from their tables
Cons:
It is very expensive
People are more dependent on technology
Microsoft Touch Wall Mechanism:
Touch Wall is built on plex technology
Plex provides touch wall with fresh and fleshed out ways to prepare a natural interface
Touch wall is large organization exhibit prototype and undergo collaborative work
Touch wall uses a laser touch technique which observes infrared laser light speculating off the users fingers
Touch wall explores a different hardware configuration and multi-touch interaction models
Pros:
Touch wall is very intuitive
Easy to use
Save Space
It is faster pointing devices
Cons:
It is very expensive
Size of the device is very large and difficult to transfer from one place to another place.
General Advantage of multi-touch Interaction
Multi-touch grabs digital substance with hands and more with simple touch
It is more flexible to learn & understand
User can rotate and zoom the window
It supports the interaction between different users.
Users can switch between different task spontaneously
Instead of making devices with different button, soft machines just draw a picture of the devices
Potential problems of using multi-touch Interaction
It is very expensive
Size is very big
It requires two hands to operate
On large displays many objects are out of focus
Very object of the user is manipulating
It has reflective display but it is not usable in bright sunlight’s
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PART – 3 SURVEY
Multi-touch Interaction Supported in the user interface of iPhone
iPhone is described of Internet and multimedia enable smartphones designed by Apple Inc.
Most of the users have satisfaction on using the iphone and users increases the usage of email data function
By surveying the iphone users, they have previous apple experience and they are technically sophisticated, most of the iphone users are students and age under 30 years.
In mobile industry iPhone increases service billing of about 24% because it displacing the notebook computers.
Apple iphone increases some new application with the help of surveying by the iphone users
The iPhone users has moderate capable problems who strongly agreed of 24%, Mildly agreed of 38%, Mildly disagreed of 28%, Strongly disagreed of 10%
iPhone runs an operating system known as iPhone OS
The operating system of iPhone run the software which is approved by the signature of Apple
It has 16 GB – 32GB flash drive, 3 mega pixel auto focus
It has Accelerometer sensors, proximity sensor and Ambient light sensor
AT&T EDGE network speed is very low.
The 66% of iPhone users says it is best, which is followed by 45% of touch screen interface, easy to use 22 % and size of screen 16%
Users like iphone because it come with great application like email GPS MMS etc
Using iPhone in business is to speed up the day, like quick call, calendar, web browsing, strong contacts and smart features like GPS maps , weather report etc
iPhone helps the users to cook because it has Apps of the cooks
iPhone also have great application like Apps for keeping current news, Apps for outdoors, Apps for music, Apps for work, Apps for students, Apps for business, Apps of going out and finding places to eat, Apps for Games and fun
Wi-Fi networks rarely have an issues like unable to connect near by Wi-Fi networks, giving every low signals and also sometimes unable to connect the internet
It cannot turn off the iPhone and unable to load data from the sync service
iPhone cannot be unlocked formally because the lock and unlock authority is maintained by the Apple servers.
Using both Multi-touch Interaction and Direct Manipulation Methods
In Apple iPhone the both Direct Manipulation and Multi-touch Interaction are used by Multi-finger cursor techniques.
Direct touch interaction is appealing because they can play a role of both selection and manipulation.
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Discussion
Pros
iPhone users are very satisfied
iPhone increase mobile browsing
Cons
It supports SIM that has been activated for that specific mobile phone
It Cant upgrade the phone memory
iPhone battery cannot be changed and the fact that it is sealed
Limitation & Drawbacks
It is very hard to write in iphone because every time when we enter comma or any punctuation it is very difficult Suggestions
