1. (3 points) The City of Chicago decides that students in 3rd grade have to pass a high stakes test to advance to 4th grade. Those scoring below a 70 will
have to repeat 3rd grade. An astute researcher realizes this is a natural experiment. What type of natural experiment would this be? Diagram the natural
experiment, showing what you might observe if repeating 3rd grade was benecial for increasing the treatment group’s achievement. Make sure to label
elements in the diagram.
2. (4 points) Draw a conceptual model of a set of 3-5 independent variables that you are interested in, and how they might inuence a dependent variable.
Label these in terms of the constructs (e.g., “family income,” “behavior,” “reading achievement,” “college attendance”). Label the pathways (e.g., “a,” “b” “c”). In
your conceptual model, identify a direct effect, an indirect effect, and a total effect, using the pathway labels.
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