12 Steps to Understanding a Quantitative Research Report
Directions: Record notes in only enough detail to support recall in absence of the original document. For Blackboard submission/grading
REFERENCE (APA). What study report is this? Record a complete reference citation.
PURPOSE AND GENERAL RATIONALE. In broad terms, what was the purpose of the study, and how did the author(s) make a case for its general importance?
FIT AND SPECIFIC RATIONALE. How does the topic of the study fit into the existing research literature, and how is that provenance used to make a specific case for the investigation?
PARTICPANTS. Describe who was studied (give number and characteristics) and how they were selected.
CONTEXT. Where did the study take place? (Describe important characteristics.)
STEPS IN SEQUENCE. In the order performed, what were the main procedural steps in the study? Describe the diagram in a flowchart, showing order and any important relationships among the steps.
7. DATA. What constituted data (e.g., test scores, questionnaire responses, frequency counts), how was it collected, and what was the role of the investigator(s) in that process?
8. ANALYSIS. What form of data analysis was used and what specific questions
was it designed to answer? What (if any) statistical operations and computer programs were employed?
9. RESULTS. What did the author(s) identify as the primary results (products or findings produced by the analysis of data)?
10. CONCLUSIONS. What did the author(s) assert about how the results in Step 9 responded to the purpose(s) established in Step 2, and how did the events and experiences of the entire study contribute to that conclusion?
11. CAUTIONS. What cautions does the author(s) raise about the study itself, about interpreting the results, or the limitations? Add here any of you own reservations.
12. DISCUSSION. What interesting facts or ideas did you learn from reading the report? Include here anything that was of value, including: results, research designs and methods, references, instruments, history, useful arguments, or personal inspiration. This step should be 100% original!! No similarity at all!
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