Goodman and Kruskal tau case study

300-500 WORDS, APA FORMAT 7TH EDITION OV SCORE CAN’T BE NO MORE THAN 7%

It is frequently presumed that as individuals get older, they become more politically conservative. A political science student wants to verify this postulate. Using secondary data, the student ran a Chi-Square analysis of the age group (1835, 3655, 5680) and self-described political affiliation (liberal, moderate, or conservative). The results of his analysis are provided in the tables below, but the student is having difficultly explaining the results.

• Describe the overall findings of the Chi-Square in the output, including the cell contributions, based upon the standardized residuals.
• What conclusions can the student make concerning this postulate?

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid

Missing

Total

N

Percent

N

Percent

N

Percent

Political leanings * Age category

60

100.0%

0

0.0%

60

100.0%

Political leanings * Age category Crosstabulation

Age category

young adult

middle aged

older adult

Political leanings

conservative

Count

4

3

11

Expected Count

6.0

6.0

6.0

Standardized Residual

-.8

-1.2

2.0

moderate

Count

4

9

5

Expected Count

6.0

6.0

6.0

Standardized Residual

-.8

1.2

-.4

liberal

Count

12

8

4

Expected Count

8.0

8.0

8.0

Standardized Residual

1.4

.0

-1.4

Total

Count

20

20

20

Expected Count

20.0

20.0

20.0

Chi-Square Tests

Value

df

Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square

12.667a

4

.013

Likelihood Ratio

12.350

4

.015

Linear-by-Linear Association

8.016

1

.005

N of Valid Cases

60

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.00.

Directional Measures

Value

Asymptotic Standard Errora

Approximate Tb

Approximate Significance

Nominal by Nominal

Lambda

Symmetric

.263

.116

2.070

.038

Political leanings Dependent

.222

.139

1.438

.150

Age category Dependent

.300

.111

2.372

.018

Goodman and Kruskal tau

Political leanings Dependent

.106

.059

.014c

Age category Dependent

.106

.059

.014c

a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.

b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.

c. Based on chi-square approximation

Responses to Other Students:Respond to at least 2 of your fellow classmates with a reply of 100200 words about their Primary Task Response regarding items you found to be compelling and enlightening. To help you with your discussion, please consider the following questions