Homeostatic Systems and Hormonal Control

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SK299 Human Biology

Task:

Learning Outcomes

Assessment Criteria

1 Understand the concept of homeostasis in the human body.

1.1 Define the term homeostasis and apply this to the nervous and endocrine systems.

1.2 Characterise the three classes of neurones and explain how they work  in a simple reflex arc.

1.3 Explain the propagation of a nerve impulse and synaptic transmission.

2 Understand the gross layout of, and feedback mechanisms associated with the endocrine system

2.1 Identify the main endocrine glands in the body and link them to some of their specific secretions.

2.2 Summarise how hormones reach their target cells and exert their  influence at a cellular level.

2.3 Distinguish between positive and negative feedback mechanisms such  as the effect of oxytocin (in labour) and the control of Ca2+ (linked  to osteoporosis) respectively.

3 Understand the roles of the endocrine system in the human body

3.1 Research and report on one homeostatic system, such as temperature regulation, glucose regulation or water regulation.

Task 1

Q1 (AC 1.1)

a. Explain the meaning of the term homeostasis.

b. Homeostatic systems involve negative feedback. Explain what this means and describe briefly one such system in the body which involves hormonal control (you may use diagrams).

Q2 (AC 1.2)

There are three main types of nerve cells (neurones). Illustrating your answer with simple diagrams, explain how these neurones work together in a simple reflex arc.

Q3 (AC 1.3)

The diagram shows the action potential of an isolated giant squid axon.

  1. Explain briefly how the resting potential is produced.
  2. Outline the steps involved in the generation of the action potential.

Q4 (AC 2.1)

Draw coloured arrows to match the endocrine gland with its main secretion.

Table 1

Table 2

Pituitary

Melatonin

Thyroid

Insulin

Parathyroid

Testosterone

Adrenal

Oestradiol

Pancreas

PTH

Testis

Thyroxine

Ovary

ADH

Pineal

Aldosterone

Q5 (AC 2.2)

Many hormones are said to act via a second messenger. Illustrating your answer with diagrams, explain how they do this.

Q6 (AC 2.3)

Some homeostatic systems operate by positive feedback mechanisms. Illustrating your answer with a suitable example, explain what this means.

Task 2 (AC 3.1) Short report

Research and report on one homeostatic system by means of an annotated flow diagram. Select one of the following: temperature regulation, glucose regulation or water regulation.

Describe one disorder of this homeostatic system (AC 3.1).

In your report, you should briefly discuss the

  • pathogenesis (the way in which the disease develops)
  • differential diagnosis (the symptoms leading to its diagnosis)
  • treatment of this disorder.

Format: This is a report and can be laid out as such. Subheadings and diagrams/ tables may be used as appropriate. The word limit is 1000 words (please write your word count before reference list). References must be provided, using the Harvard system.

SK299 Human Biology

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