articlewritingcafe.com – SSEAC_BUSS5221_Themes_Sub-themes_Problems.xlsx

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Theme Sub-theme Problems Indonesia Thailand Singapore Malaysia / Brunei Timor-Leste The Philippines Laos Cambodia Vietnam Myanmar
Economic and Social Development Climate, sustainability and resilience Forest management practices continue to prioritise economic development over sustainable conservation of natural resources X X X X X X X X
Economic and Social Development Climate, sustainability and resilience Opportunities exist to mitigate climate change through targeted investment X X X X X X X X
Economic and Social Development Education Education fails to adequately account for ethnic, religious and linguistic diversity X X X X X
Economic and Social Development Finance, aid and development Increased access to payment systems and other digital innovations and its impact on borrowers X X X X X X X X X X
Economic and Social Development Finance, aid and development Innovative models providing new opportunities for small business financing X X
Economic and Social Development Finance, aid and development Fin Tech is developing faster than it can be regulated X X X X X X X X
Economic and Social Development Finance, aid and development Capitalising on Blockchain to do good for people and society X X X X X X X
Economic and Social Development Labour, migration and mobility Human Rights and labour law policies fail to support gender equality in the workplace X X X X X X X
Economic and Social Development Labour, migration and mobility Barriers remain to women’s economic participation and security X X X X X X X
Economic and Social Development Industry and livelihoods International and local companies engage in whitewashing by concealing their sustainability credentials X X X
Economic and Social Development Labour, migration and mobility COVID prompting greater participation in the online labour market X
Environment and Resources Climate, sustainability and resilience Well-designed social and economic interventions can build resilience to hazards and disasters X X X X X
Environment and Resources Climate, sustainability and resilience Post-disaster outcomes for communities can be improved through an inclusive approach to risk reduction X X X
Environment and Resources Climate, sustainability and resilience Community and indigeous knowledge can be used to adapt to and mitigate the impact of climate change X X X X
Environment and Resources Climate, sustainability and resilience Marine aquaculture primarily uses low value ‘trash fish’ as the main feed for high value farmed fish, consitituting a poor use of expensive, low nutrition and non-sustainable resources while also contributing to the spread of pathogens X X X X
Environment and Resources Education A dichotomy exists between secular Western scientific paradigms are and indigenous knowledge systems X X
Environment and Resources Finance, aid and development Major infrastructure developments are impacting on people and the environment X X X X X X X
Environment and Resources Finance, aid and development Accountability and grievance mechanisms for communtiies affected by development are inadequate X X
Environment and Resources Finance, aid and development Belt and Road-related development initiatives are having unanticipated consequences X X X X X
Environment and Resources Finance, aid and development Financing models are a key consideration in post-disaster responses X X X
Environment and Resources Food security and scarcity Diversification of smallholder farming can lead to better educational outcomes for children X X X X X X X X X
Environment and Resources Food security and scarcity Diversification of smallholder farmers’ businesses can improve their income stream X X X X X X X X X
Environment and Resources Food security and scarcity Farmers need to shift their thinking from being livestock “keepers” to being livestock “producers” X X X X X X
Environment and Resources Food security and scarcity Food scarcity affects not just humans, but also animals X X X X X X
Environment and Resources Food security and scarcity China’s growing middle-class is causing a rise in demand for meat, with consequences for SEA farmers X X X X
Environment and Resources Food security and scarcity Urban farming can support better food security outcomes X X X X X X X X X X
Environment and Resources Food security and scarcity The prioritisation of exotic (non-local) breeds over locally adapted breeds of livestock is having unanticipated consequences X X X X X
Environment and Resources Industry and livelihoods Access to consistent and affordable elecricity supplies is limited or patchy X X X X X X X X X
Environment and Resources Industry and livelihoods Investments in renewable energy is insufficient or ineffective X X X X
Environment and Resources Industry and livelihoods Monopolies / duopolies limit consumer access to essential services such as electricity X X X X
Environment and Resources Industry and livelihoods Achieving water security risks energy insecurity X X
Environment and Resources Industry and livelihoods Waste disposal methods are unsafe or unethical X X X X X X X X X X
Environment and Resources Industry and livelihoods Southeast Asian countries are seen as places to recycle and process rubbish X X X X X X X X X X
Environment and Resources Industry and livelihoods Attempts to develop viable, sustainable and profitable cocoa industries in Vietnam, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea have stalled X X X
Environment and Resources Preventable diseases Vaccines are an effective alternative to antimicrobials when it comes to controlling infectious diseases within farmed fish populations, but farmers are reluctant to use them X X
Environment and Resources More than human Urbanisation has forced humans and animals to live closer together, but with greater proximity comes greater friction X X
Environment and Resources More than human Large-scale monocrops are having unforeseen consequences on indigenous populations X X X X X X X X
Health Access, justice and rights Underdeveloped and underfunded health systems are prompting a shift to private healthcare X X X X X
Health Access, justice and rights There is still much work to be done to reduce stigma around, and impact of, mental illness in SE Asia X X X X X X X X X
Health Preventable diseases Rates of smoking among youth and among women are on the rise X X
Health Preventable diseases Higher rates of fungicide use in the agricultural sector are leading to greater antimicrobial resistance X X X X X X X X X
Health Preventable diseases Increased industrial farming is connected to the spread of zoonotic diseases X X X X X X X X X
Health Preventable diseases Aggressive marketing of highly processed foods is leading to poor health outcomes such as diabetes X X X X X X X
Health Preventable diseases Aggressive marketing of nursing formula is leading to poor health outcomes for women and children X X X X
Health Preventable diseases Previous vaccination failures have impacted the uptake of COVID vaccinations X X X
Health Preventable diseases Insufficient funding and lack of policy support is limiting the rollout of effective malaria prevention programs X X X X
Health Technology, data and governance Poor regulation is leading to the oversupply of unregulated pharmaceuticals in rural areas X X X X X X
Health Technology, data and governance Health workforce remains under-educated and under-regulated X X X
Health Technology, data and governance Insufficient progress has been made to avoid a repeat of the “melamine in nursing formula” scandal of recent years X X X X X X X X X
Health Technology, data and governance Tobbaco regulation and enforcement are inconsistent and under-developed X X X
Health Technology, data and governance Quality public health care and associated technologies are not accessible X
Health Technology, data and governance Data collection and management is beset with system failures and interoperability, leading to poor health outcomes X X X X X X X
Health Technology, data and governance Births and deaths data is not collected or of poor quality X X
Health Technology, data and governance Governments are yet to strike the right balance between expenditure on health technologies and spending on human resources X X
Heritage and the Arts Access, justice and rights Pop culture displaces or reinforces stereotypes about gender, minorities and other marginalised communities X X X X X X X
Heritage and the Arts Education The teaching of history and culture in school curricula has been politicised X X X X X X X X X
Heritage and the Arts Education Education can be used as a tool to combat misinformation about historical hoaxes X X X X
Heritage and the Arts Education Wartime heritage can be used as a teaching tool or as a mechanism for soft diplomacy X X X X X X
Heritage and the Arts Finance, aid and development Development imperatives cannot be reconciled with the need to protect and preserve heritage X X X X X X
Heritage and the Arts Heritage protection and preservation The removal of hawkers and street vendors has revealed a preference for “hygienic” practices at the expense of intangible heritage X X X
Heritage and the Arts Heritage protection and preservation Natural heritage protection can act as a proxy for cultural heritage conservation X X X X
Heritage and the Arts Heritage protection and preservation Environmental degradation and industrial pollution is impacting natural and cultural heritage X X X X X X
Heritage and the Arts Heritage protection and preservation Local traditions cannot be protected and conserved at the same time as tourism is promoted X X X X X X
Heritage and the Arts Heritage protection and preservation The theft of and trade in illegal antiquities in SEA remains unregulated X X X X X
Heritage and the Arts Heritage protection and preservation SEA’s cultural institutions are yet to benefit from decolonisation and/or repatriation of cultural artefacts X X X X X
Heritage and the Arts Heritage protection and preservation Failure to maintain language diversity has a flattening and deadening effect on culture X X X X
Heritage and the Arts Heritage protection and preservation Cultures and traditions are weakened by exposure to global networks and connections X X X X X X X
Heritage and the Arts Heritage protection and preservation The roles and responsibilities for states in managing wartime heritage are unclear, as are the benefits X X X X X
Heritage and the Arts Heritage protection and preservation There is no clear path for resolving disputes regarding contested heritage X X X X X X
Heritage and the Arts Industry and livelihoods Heritage preservation models do not sufficiently account for local communities and livelihoods (e.g. through tourism or farming) X X X X X X X
State and Society Access, justice and rights Social justice and inclusion initiatives are under increasing political or religious pressure (consider with reference to disabled people’s organisations, racial discrimination or LGBQTI movements) X X X X X X
State and Society Access, justice and rights Modern slavery exists, despite efforts to eradicate it within supply chains X X X X X X X X X X
State and Society Access, justice and rights Sanctions are ineffective X
State and Society Access, justice and rights Public transport is not accessible and inclusive X X X X X X X X X X
State and Society Education Education can be used as a tool to combat misinformation X X X X X X X X X X
State and Society Education Access to education remains limited for marginalised communities X X X X X X X X
State and Society Education Inequalities in digital access and literacy have been compounded by COVID X
State and Society Finance, aid and development International aid flows impact on citizens and non-citizens in unintended ways X X
State and Society Finance, aid and development International aid can be understood as a form of violence X X X X X X
State and Society Finance, aid and development There are more benefits to partnering with an international organisation to deliver aid, versus with a grassroots organisation X X X X X X
State and Society Finance, aid and development Small-scale entrepreneurs have a key role to play in post-COVID financial recovery
State and Society Finance, aid and development Technological disparities between rural and urban areas are widening X X X X X X X X
State and Society Finance, aid and development Online businesses have a key role to play in post-COVID financial recovery X X X X X X X X X X
State and Society Finance, aid and development Southeast Asia is leading the fourth industrial revolution X X X X X X
State and Society Finance, aid and development E-commerce has a key role to play in post-disaster recovery X X X X X X X X X
State and Society Labour, migration and mobility COVID has affected foreign domestic workers disproportionately X X X
State and Society Labour, migration and mobility COVID has affected refugees disproportionately X X X X
State and Society Labour, migration and mobility COVID has affected informal and other precariously empoyeed workers disproportionately X X X X X X X X X
State and Society Labour, migration and mobility Measures to address violence against workers in construction and manufacturing sectors are insufficient X X X X

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