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HIS 100 Module Four Activity Template: Bias in Primary Sources

Locate an additional primary source relevant to your historical event. Use it and the primary source you identified in a previous module to answer the questions below. Replace the bracketed text with your responses.

Source One

Conduct source analysis on a primary source relevant to your historical event.

Attempt to write the APA-style citation for your first primary source and include a link to it. You will not be penalized for incorrect format.

· Hirsch, J. S. (2002). Riot and remembrance: The Tulsa race war and its legacy. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

Respond to the following questions:

· Who authored or created the primary source?

· This primary source was authored by James S. Hirsch

· What was the author’s position in society at the time the primary source was created?

· A scholar and a teacher of American history.

· When was the primary source created?

· The primary source was created in 2002 after intensive research on the event by the author.

· Where was the primary source created, released, or publicized?

· The primary source was created in New York and was published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt publishers.

· Who was the intended audience for the primary source?

· The intended readers of the primary source included students of history, history readers, government officials, teachers of history, and the general public that cared to know Tulsa race massacre facts.

· Why was the primary source created?

· After intensive research on the Tulsa race massacre, James S. Hirsch authored this primary source to give accounts of some historical events that occurred during the Tulsa race massacre. The author wanted to explain the causes of the massacre and expose some of the hidden intrigues that motivated the participants of the massacre. James S. Hirsch also created the primary source to add to the available literature and knowledge on the events that surrounded the Tulsa race massacre.

· Whose perspective(s) is presented in the source?

· Throughout the source, James S. Hirsch presents the perspectives of many different individuals and groups. Some of the individuals include the victims of the massacre, the author’s perspective, perspectives of the inquest groups, and perspectives of the general public including the city officials and the law enforcers.

Source Two

Conduct a source analysis on a primary source relevant to your historical event.

Attempt to write the APA-style citation for your second primary source and include a link to it. You will not be penalized for incorrect format.

· Tulsa Historical Society and Museum, (n.d.), 1921 Tulsa race massacre. Tulsahistory.org. https://www.tulsahistory.org/exhibit/1921-tulsa-race-massacre/

Respond to the following questions:

· Who authored or created the primary source?

· This primary source was created by the Tulsa History Society and Museum Editors.

· What was the author’s or creator’s position in society at the time the primary source was created?

· The creators of the source were historians who were employed by the institutions that created the source.

· When was the primary source created?

· The primary source’s date of creation is unknown but the website is updated frequently. However, it was certainly created after 1921.

· Where was the primary source created, released, or publicized?

· The primary source was created and published in Tulsa Oklahoma, U.S.A.

· Who was the intended audience for the primary source?

· The intended readers of the primary source included students of history, history readers, government officials, teachers of history, and the general public that cared to know Tulsa race massacre facts.

· Why was the primary source created?

· The source was created to inform the general public about the issues, events, and other intrigues that were involved in the massacre. The source also provides reports and facts of the event.

· Whose perspective(s) is presented in the source?

· Perspectives presented in the source include those of the victims, commissions, researchers, government and city officials, law enforcers, and the general public.

Both Sources

Analyze the primary sources relevant to your historical event for the presence of bias.

· Bias is one issue that affects the content of any researcher’s work. Therefore, many researchers make efforts to ensure that the content of their publications is not biased considering the two sources under analysis, it is apparent that James S. Hirsch and Tulsa History Society and Museum Editors made efforts not to be biased in one way or the other. In their different sources, the creators of the sources provided facts and complete information about the event. However, there are instances where the figures that were reported by the authors differ. In both sources, the authors have presented media clips, facts, figures, documents, letters, and report findings to solidify their respective arguments. Finally, there are some instances of bias in James S. Hirsch’s source as many accounts relating to the event that relate o the whites were not well presented.

Compare how your historical event is represented in your primary sources.

· Generally, the authors of the two different sources did intensive research to present sufficient facts, explanations, and information about the Tulsa race massacre. Reading through the sources will reveal how the authors did intensive research to unearth relevant facts and information relating to the massacre. The authors presented illustrations inform of pictures and figures among other visuals to help the reader create a vivid picture of the events or occurrences in the massacre. Compared to James S. Hirsch’s source, Tulsa History Society and Museum Editors organized their source better by creating different sections for different information or content relating to the event. This was relevant because it allows the audience to understand each event one by one. All documents, pictures, letters, commission reports, and other media clips are well presented and illustrated in the sources.

References

Hirsch, J. S. (2002). Riot and remembrance: The Tulsa race war and its legacy. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

Tulsa Historical Society and Museum, (n.d.), 1921 Tulsa race massacre. Tulsahistory.org.

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