Assignment Task
Abstract
Globally, diabetes and its consequences have a significant impact on public health. The main cause of death in diabetes patients is myocardial infarction (MI). diabetes patients with a history of MI had risk of MI recurrence; diabetes patients without a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) have the same risk of severe coronary events as those with CAD. In order to lower the risk of MI, CAD in individuals with diabetes needs to be actively managed.
To review the peer-reviewed literature, we conducted methodical keyword searches in PubMed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, , and Web of Science. The found publications were screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. After receiving a careful review, 7 papers were chosen for this evaluation. Our results indicated that those with diabetes have a significantly higher risk of experiencing a myocardial infarction than those without the condition.
Diabetes is a significant risk factor for myocardial infarction, thus it’s crucial to closely monitor diabetic individuals and provide them the appropriate drugs to reduce their risk. Patients with diabetes should be encouraged to adopt healthy lifestyle habits like exercise, weight loss, and dietary adjustments to further reduce their risk of myocardial infarction. This research study has highlighted the need to monitor and administer the proper medicines to people who have diabetes in order to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction.
Introduction
During the ten-year period in europe nearly 25% of individuals hospitalised for an acute myocardial infarction had known diabetes (3,114 of 12,660 patients). 32% of diabetic patients who were hospitalised for myocardial infarction had heart failure, compared to 17% of individuals without diabetes. After accounting for additional risk factors for heart failure, persons with diabetes had a 56% higher probability of experiencing heart failure than those without (ESC 2019).Diabetes is a non-communicable disease that is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. As per the views of Isgut, et al. (2021), myocardial infarction is a condition where patients suffer from excessive health pain due to narrowing of the artery, which is due to increased fatty infiltration. Diabetes is a multifactorial disease that can increase the chance of risk of development of cardiovascular disease as excessive intake of carbohydrate food can increase chances of conversion of excess carbohydrate into fat that eventually deposited within the arteries of the heart and can lead to blockage of heart (Kim, et al., 2021). As mentioned by Park et al. (2022), various diagnostic tools can be used to identify the presence of diabetes in patients. Among them, a potential diabetes indicator is glycosylated hemoglobin. However, glycosylated hemoglobin test is not used in the UK to get an idea about the long-term presence of diabetes in patients. Instead, an oral glucose tolerance test is used to diagnose high blood glucose levels. Hence, HBA1C test can be used as a supportive test for long term prevalence of diabetes in patients that can reduce the chances of development of myocardial infarction.
According to The new National Diabetes Audit report states that 14,476 of the audit’s participants experienced heart attacks in 2010–2011, which is 4,694 more than was anticipated. Since the audit excluded 10% or more of those with the condition and only included persons in England and Wales, the actual number of heart attacks linked to diabetes will be significantly greater.
. The recovery from MI is very fast for non-diabetic patients. Yang et al. (2019) stated that left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction is associated with insulin resistance and dysglycemia in non-diabetic patients. Following a healthy lifestyle can elevate the recovery in diabetics patients. Therefore healthy eating and regular light exercise are necessary for a diabetic patient who is suffering from MI. According to Junttila et.al (2019), there is less chance of recovery from coronary artery disease as it causes death for the patients. The combination of type 2 diabetes and MI is associated with sudden cardiac death without giving any indication. If a diabetic patient recovers from the MI, the patient needs medical supervention, and strict monitoring of blood pressure and blood sugar will be needed. The fact has been proven that the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation is in exercising the capacity of the patient (Kasperowicz, Cymerys, and Kasperowicz, 2019). For the patient, whether suffering from diabetes or not, regular exercise decreases the chance of cardiac arrest and helps with weight.
Aims and objectives
The primary purpose of the systematic review is to compare individuals with and without diabetes in terms of the probability of myocardial infarction.
Research objective
To examine the risk of myocardial infarction in diabetic patients
To analyse patients with diabetes to those without diabetes in terms of their risk of myocardial infarction.
Background
Research Rationale
The primary rationale behind this study is to evaluate the risk of myocardial infarction in people with long-term diabetes. A significant risk factor for coronary heart disease is diabetes. Very little is known regarding the mortality rate that followed myocardial infarction in diabetic patients. The current research study outlined the impact of diabetes, which causes myocardial infarction and is responsible for a significant amount of mortality worldwide(Amen et al .2020). A further focus of this research study is on the discrepancy in heart attack risk between people who have diabetes and those who have varying forms of diabetes.
Context of the study
This section establishes the foundation for assessing the risk of myocardial infarction in diabetic patients. Moving forward in the current study, the study’s aims and objectives are highlighted, with some main research questions that are prepared to take into account the overall purpose of the study and the need for solutions for future improvement. Finally, the value of the current study is justified in comprehending the various constraints that are corrected for the effective outcome of the problem.
Research questions
Is there any relation between Myocardial infarction and diabetes ?
What ways Diabetes is related with myocardial infarction ?
