Left Sided Heart Failure Concept Map DQ 2 Left Sided Heart Failure Concept Map DQ 2 Pathogenesis Occlusion of cerebral artery production of ATP failure of energy pumps influx of sodium and calcium ions and efflux of potassium passive inflow of water cytotoxic oedema destruction of cells in infarct core. Membrane depolarisation release of glutamate excessive calcium influx into neurons destruction of cells by lipolysis, proteolysis and free radicals. infarct core and ischaemic penumbra necrotic tissue not able to conduct impulses interrupting normal function such as motor and sensory transmission and speech. Risk factors · Obesity · Smoking · Sedentary
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