NRS 428 Epidemiology Paper Assignment

NRS 428 Epidemiology Paper Assignment

NRS 428 Epidemiology Paper Assignment

NRS 428 Epidemiology Paper Assignment

NRS 428 Epidemiology Paper Assignment Social Determinants of Health that Contribute to the

Development of HIV/AIDS

The social determinants are factors influencing the risk of transmission of HIV/AIDs disease. Social activities influence the spread of the disease significantly and that is why community behavioral modification campaigns are developed to promote healthy lifestyles among people. The rate of transmission of the disease varies from one social setting to another due to various reasons. The social determinants for HIV/AIDS include sexual violence, gender inequality, marital status, migratory behaviors in search of employment, geographic locations, and stigma related to HIV/AIDS and legal status (Laurencin et al., 2018). Also, promiscuity is linked to the high spread of the disease. Victims of sexual violence such as rape are also most likely to contract the disease and that is why they must be tested. The incidences of HIV/AIDs cases among the victims of rape and sexual violence are high and this could be because the perpetrators of the crimes are sometimes influenced by the desire to revenge. Exploring social factors is important in the fight against HIV/AIDS because it focuses on reducing risky behaviors and promoting responsibility among the populations.

NRS 428 Epidemiology Paper Assignment

Assessment Description

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Epidemiologic Triangle as it Relates to the HIV/AIDS

The epidemiological triangle focus on the relationship between the host, agent, and environment. The triangle also helps in guiding the prevention measures. In this case, reducing the interaction between the agent, the host, and the environment. In this case, the agent refers to HIV which is a pathogenic micro-organism. The virus targeted the human CD4 cells and this means eliminating the receptors for the viral attachment into the host could reduce the infection rate. The host in the triangle refers to human beings. Human beings harbor the virus in their system (Bandera et al., 2018). Human beings act as carriers for the virus and they can spread it through sexual intercourse and blood transfusion among other methods as discussed above. The transmission and spread of the virus entirely depend on human behavior. Finally, the environment refers to the environmental factors facilitating the spread of the virus. Some of the factors include social pressure, lack of adequate healthcare system to create interventions for the vulnerable groups, and the increasing poverty rates in some areas that lead to prostitution or increased sexual activities for income.

Education and awareness creation are important tools for fighting the spread of HIV/AIDs. Education and awareness create consciousness among the population to avoid social activities that could predispose them to the disease. On the other hand, it also helps in preventing unwanted behaviors such as stigmatization which reduces the willingness of the people to go for screening and thus increases the risk of transmission. Lack of screening is associated with high transmission and spread of the disease by people who may not know that they have the disease. Other preventive measures have always included abstinence from sex and adherence to antiretroviral drugs.

Role of the Community Health Nurse in the Management of HIV/AIDS: NRS 428 Epidemiology Paper Assignment

Community health nurses play critical roles when it comes to the management of HIV/AIDS. Their involvement in the intervention processes aids in stopping the spread of the virus and subsequent reduction in the number of cases across different regions. Community health nurses facilitate case findings, data collection processes in the research processes to identify the required interventions, and follow-ups to determine the effectiveness of the required interventions. Win the increasing cases of HIV/AIDS; there is always the need for research processes that can help in the development of the epidemiological triangle; these studies require the intervention of the community health nurses, epidemiologists as well as other healthcare professionals (Bandera et al., 2018). Community health nurses play critical roles when it comes to the management of different complications associated with HIV/AIDS. In their process of engagement with the infected persons or victims, they often tend to enhance case findings, case reporting, data collection, and analysis, NRS 428 Epidemiology Paper Assignment.

Demographic data are critical for the health of the community. They enhance the research processes aimed at establishing effective research processes. The demographic data can establish the trends or rates of HIV/AIDS infections. Demographic data are often used to develop epidemiological methods for disease surveillance to determine the critical hazards associated with the disease. Demographic data are also used in the studies to identify the risk factors that may represent the critical control points in the management of HIV/AIDS.

Agencies Involved in Addressing HIV/AIDS-NRS 428 Epidemiology Paper Assignment

The agencies involved in fighting HIV/AIDS establish measures and protocols to reduce the spread of the disease. One of the agencies involved in addressing HIV/AIDS is the USAID (U.S Agency for International Development). The agency was established in 1986 to support the PRPFAR programs in more than 100 nations (Bandera et al., 2018). The agency is involved in the management of HIV/AIDS programs by targeting vulnerable populations or those at high risk of being infected by HIV/AIDs.

The agency offers support to the HIV/AIDs programs to various nations. They set goals for the various nations to eradicate the disease and improve adherence to the people on medications. The agency focuses on strengthening the primary healthcare systems to prevent and enhance the management of HIV/AIDS (Bandera et al., 2018). Furthermore, through constant research, the agency establishes new measures of reaching more populations in terms of screening and curbing the spread of the disease. Various agencies work together to achieve a synergized outcomes on fighting HIV/AIDs and promoting positive behavioral patterns among the populations.

Global Implication of HIV/AIDS: NRS 428 Epidemiology Paper Assignment

The impact of HIV/AIDs is wide-reaching. There are currently many orphans in the world courtesy of the HIV/AIDS disease. Therefore, the analysis of the burden of the disease should focus on both the social and financial impacts. It is estimated that about 770,000 people died of HIV/AIDS disease in 2018. The statistics show that many people have died over time and the number of people left as orphans is high. The majority of the orphans tend to be dependent and this shows that HIV/AIDS creates a significant economic crisis.

According to (Bandera et al., 2018), 1.7 million new infections new cases of HIV/AIDs have been reported this year with many families being destabilized due to death. For example, in cases where a family loses their breadwinner to the virus, their living conditions change significantly. Therefore, high incidences of HIV/AIDS are linked to high poverty levels.  Furthermore, government institutions have to spend a lot of money on HIV/AIDS drugs, screening, and health promotion. Besides, it takes a lot of resources to manage the complications arising from the infection.

The rise in healthcare costs is always addressed by developing measures aiming at reducing the spread of the disease among the populations. While many organizations donate funds to fight the disease, such measures may not be sustainable as many resources could be lost in the process. Therefore, reducing the spread of the infection is the main target in the minimization of the costs incurred in the health sector. Various foundations have been established include the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation which supports many people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa (Bandera et al., 2018). HIV is endemic in some regions due to poor cultural and social practices. Statistics indicate that the disease is becoming endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, with an estimated prevalence rate of 12%; this is higher than the global prevalence rate of 5%.

NRS 428 Epidemiology Paper Assignment Conclusion

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) affects many populations globally both directly and indirectly. The disease is mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse, though, people may also contract it through blood transfusion and sharing sharp objects with infected individuals. Early diagnosis is key in reducing the spread of the disease since people initiated on ARTs develop low viral load which has a lower infectivity rate. Furthermore, the efforts directed to fight the disease should be guided by epidemiological information; more efforts should be directed to the endemic regions. Creating awareness and educating the public on the burden of HIV/AIDS disease is important in its eradication.

NRS 428 Epidemiology Paper Assignment References

Bandera, A., De Benedetto, I., Bozzi, G., & Gori, A. (2018). Altered gut microbiome composition in HIV infection: causes, effects, and potential intervention. Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 13(1), 73-80.

Labrique, A. B., Vasudevan, L., Kochi, E., Fabricant, R., &Mehl, G. (2016). eHealth innovations as health system strengthening tools: 12 common applications and a visual framework. Global Health: Science and Practice, 1(2), 160-171.

Laurencin, C. T., Murdock, C. J., Laurencin, L., & Christensen, D. M. (2018). HIV/AIDS and the African-American community 2018: a decade call to action. Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 5(3), 449-458.

Criteria Description

Global Implication

5. Excellent

12.5 points

A discussion of the global implication of the disease is clear, comprehensive, and inclusive with a comprehensive description of how this is addressed in other countries or cultures and if the disease is endemic to a particular area. An example is provided.

4. Good

11.5 points

A discussion of the global implication of the disease is clear, with a comprehensive description of how this is addressed in other countries or cultures and if the disease is endemic to a particular area. An example is provided.

3. Satisfactory

11 points

A discussion of the global implication of the disease is limited, with some integration of how this is addressed in other countries or cultures and if the disease is endemic to a particular area. An example is provided.

2. Less Than Satisfactory

10 points

A discussion of the global implication of the disease is vague, with no integration of how this is addressed in other countries or cultures and if the disease is endemic to a particular area. An example is not

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