NURS 6501: Week 7 Quiz:
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Question 2
Which of the following is best described as a monophasic disseminated CNS inflammatory disorder?
Group of answer choices
- Transverse myelitis
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
- Optic neuritis
- Multiple sclerosis
Correct answer: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Explanation:
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic, immune-mediated, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that typically occurs after a viral infection or vaccination, especially in children and young adults.
Key features of ADEM:
- Monophasic (single episode, not relapsing)
- Widespread CNS demyelination
- Often follows a preceding infection or immunization
- Symptoms: encephalopathy, seizures, motor/sensory deficits, ataxia, etc.
- MRI shows diffuse, bilateral, asymmetric white matter lesions
Why the other options are incorrect:
- Transverse myelitis
→ Inflammation of the spinal cord, may occur as part of a monophasic or multiphasic disorder, but not disseminated across the CNS - Optic neuritis
→ Inflammation of the optic nerve; typically focal, and often associated with multiple sclerosis - Multiple sclerosis (MS)
→ Chronic, relapsing-remitting or progressive, disseminated CNS disorder — not monophasic