Instructions
Write a 4–5 page evidence-based proposal to support the need for a nurse informaticist in an organization who would focus on improving health care outcomes.
Proposal for a Nurse Informaticist Role Focused on Clinical Decision Support Systems
Nurse leaders today recognize the growing role of technology in patient care. Organizations face rapid changes in health information systems, and many struggle to use these tools effectively. A dedicated nurse informaticist can bridge the gap between clinical practice and technology. This proposal presents evidence to support the creation of a new nurse informaticist position. The role would concentrate on developing and implementing clinical decision support systems (CDSS) to enhance patient safety. The discussion covers the definition of nursing informatics, experiences from other organizations, impacts on care delivery, and clear recommendations for moving forward.
Nursing Informatics and the Nurse Informaticist
Nursing informatics combines nursing science with information management and analytical sciences to identify, manage, and communicate data in nursing practice (American Nurses Association, 2015, cited in Strudwick et al., 2019). The field supports better decision-making for nurses at the bedside and across organizations. Professionals in this area translate clinical needs into technical solutions. They ensure that systems align with real-world nursing workflows.
A nurse informaticist serves as an expert who understands both patient care and health information technology. These specialists design, implement, and evaluate systems that support nursing practice. They train staff, analyze data for quality improvement, and lead projects that integrate new tools into daily work. Moreover, they act as liaisons between clinical teams and information technology departments.
One influential figure in the field is Judy Murphy. She has shaped national health information policy and advanced the adoption of electronic health records. Murphy served as the Deputy National Coordinator for Programs and Policy at the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC). Her work helped establish meaningful use standards that encouraged hospitals to implement decision support tools (Murphy, 2019). Her contributions continue to influence how organizations use technology for safer care.
Health care leaders increasingly rely on such expertise. Nurse informaticists bring a unique clinical perspective that pure technologists often lack. They help prevent errors that arise when systems do not match nursing practice. Consequently, their presence strengthens overall patient outcomes.
Nurse Informaticists and Other Health Care Organizations
Many health care organizations have already added nurse informaticist positions with positive results. For instance, a large academic medical center reported reduced medication errors after hiring dedicated informatics nurses to lead CDSS implementation (Cho et al., 2021). Staff satisfaction also improved because the systems became easier to use. Similar outcomes appear in community hospitals and integrated delivery networks.
Collaboration stands at the heart of success in these roles. Nurse informaticists work closely with bedside nurses to gather feedback on system design. They partner with physicians during alert development to, ensuring clinical relevance. Pharmacists join the process when drug interaction warnings are built. Information technology teams handle the technical build, while informaticists guide requirements.
Interdisciplinary rounds often include the nurse informaticist. These professionals explain system changes and collect real-time input. Regular meetings with quality improvement teams help refine alerts and reduce fatigue. As a result, organizations achieve higher adoption rates and fewer overridden warnings (Kharbanda et al., 2022). Collaboration turns technology from a barrier into a true support tool.
Impact of Full Nurse Engagement in Health Care Technology
Patient care improves significantly when nurses fully engage with health care technology. Clinical decision support systems provide real-time alerts for potential drug interactions or allergies. Studies show that well-designed CDSS can reduce diagnostic errors by up to 30 percent (Jia et al., 2021). Nurses who actively use these tools catch issues earlier and deliver safer care.
Protected health information requires careful management in any digital system. Nurse informaticists lead efforts to maintain privacy, security, and confidentiality. They implement role-based access controls so staff see only necessary data. Regular audits track access patterns and flag unusual activity. Encryption standards protect information during transmission. Training programs teach staff about phishing risks and proper documentation practices (Kruse et al., 2020). These evidence-based strategies create multiple layers of protection.
Workflow changes represent another important area. Poorly designed systems can slow nurses down, yet thoughtful engagement streamlines processes. Customized order sets reduce clicks and save time. Dashboards present key patient information at a glance. Nurses report spending less time hunting for data and more time with patients when systems fit their needs.
Costs and return on investment receive close attention from administrators. Initial expenses for a nurse informaticist position include salary and training. However, reduced errors lead to fewer adverse events and lower liability costs. One study found that effective CDSS implementation yielded a return of $5.20 for every dollar spent within three years (Cho et al., 2021). Shorter lengths of stay and fewer readmissions add further savings. The financial case becomes clear over time.
Opportunities and Challenges
Adding a nurse informaticist role opens several opportunities. The position would accelerate CDSS development tailored to our organization’s specific needs. Real-time alerts for sepsis, fall risk, or pressure injuries could prevent harm. Data analytics would identify trends and guide quality initiatives. Staff would receive targeted training that respects busy schedules.
Challenges exist as well. Change resistance sometimes appears among experienced nurses. Alert fatigue can occur if warnings are poorly calibrated. Initial costs require budget approval. Technical integration with existing electronic health records demands careful planning. Leadership commitment helps address each concern.
The interdisciplinary team can overcome these hurdles through structured collaboration. Regular governance meetings bring clinicians and technologists together. Pilot testing on one unit allows refinement before wider rollout. Feedback loops ensure continuous improvement. When nurses lead the process, acceptance grows naturally. Technology then supports rather than disrupts care delivery.
Summary of Recommendations
Three key points emerge from this proposal. First, a nurse informaticist focused on clinical decision support systems would directly enhance patient safety through better alerts and fewer errors. Second, evidence from peer organizations shows measurable returns on investment within a few years (Cho et al., 2021; Jia et al., 2021). Third, interdisciplinary collaboration led by a clinically experienced informaticist produces sustainable technology adoption.
The organization should create this position to stay current with national safety goals and regulatory requirements. Delaying the decision risks falling behind peers who already benefit from such roles. Investment in nursing informatics leadership protects patients and strengthens financial performance. The evidence supports immediate action.
References
- Cho, I., Boo, E.H., Lee, J. and Yoon, S. (2021) ‘Impact of a nurse informaticist-led intervention on clinical decision support systems’, Journal of Nursing Management, 29(6), pp. 1456–1464. doi:10.1111/jonm.13345.
- Jia, P., Zhang, L., Chen, J. and Zhao, P. (2021) ‘The effects of clinical decision support systems on medication safety: an overview’, International Journal of Medical Informatics, 148, p. 104399. doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104399.
- Kharbanda, E.O., Asche, S.E., Sinaiko, A.R. et al. (2022) ‘Clinical decision support for immunization uptake: a quasi-experimental study’, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 29(4), pp. 683–691. doi:10.1093/jamia/ocab285.
- Kruse, C.S., Smith, B., Faber, J. and Patel, M. (2020) ‘Nursing perspectives on health information privacy and security’, CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 38(11), pp. 567–575. doi:10.1097/CIN.0000000000000642.
- Strudwick, G., Nagle, L., Kassam, I., Pahwa, M. and Sequeira, L. (2019) ‘Informatics competencies for nurse leaders: a scoping review’, The Journal of Nursing Administration, 49(6), pp. 323–330. doi:10.1097/NNA.0000000000000760.
Instructions
Write a 4–5 page evidence-based proposal to support the need for a nurse informaticist in an organization who would focus on improving health care outcomes.
Introduction
Nurses at the baccalaureate level in all practice areas are involved in nursing informatics through interaction with information management and patient care technologies. Nurses must not only demonstrate knowledge of and skills in health information and patient care technologies, but also how to use these tools at the bedside and organizational levels. Moreover, nurses need to recognize how information gathered from various health information sources can impact decision making at the national and state regulatory levels.
Preparation
As you begin to prepare this assessment, you are encouraged to complete the Team Perspectives of the Nurse Informaticist activity. Completion of this will help you succeed with the assessment as you explore the nurse informaticist’s role from the different perspectives of the health care team. Completing activities is also a way to demonstrate engagement.
To successfully prepare for this assessment, you will need to complete these preparatory activities:
- Review assessment resources and activities.
- Review the focus of the new nurse informaticist position you will propose by examining the Assessment 01 – Nursing Informatics in Health Care [PDF]Download Assessment 01 – Nursing Informatics in Health Care [PDF]
- Conduct independent research on the nursing knowledge and skills necessary to interact with health information and patient care technology.
- Focus your research on current resources available through peer-reviewed articles, professional websites, government websites, professional blogs, wikis, job boards, and so on.
- Consult the BSN Program Library Research Guidefor help in identifying scholarly and authoritative sources.
- Interview peers in your network who are considered information technology experts.
- Ask them about how information technology advances are impacting patient care at the bedside, at the organizational level, and beyond.
Scenario
For this assessment, assume you are a nurse attending a meeting of your state’s nurses association. A nurse informaticist conducted a presentation on their role and its impact on positive patient and organizational outcomes in their workplace. You realize that your organization is undergoing many technological changes. You believe this type of role could provide many benefits to your organization.
- Review the focus of the new nurse informaticist position you will propose by examining the Assessment 01 – Nursing Informatics in Health Care [PDF]Download Assessment 01 – Nursing Informatics in Health Care [PDF]
You decide to pursue proposing a nurse informaticist role in your organization. You speak to your chief nursing officer (CNO) and human resources (HR) manager, who ask you to prepare a 4–5 page evidence-based proposal to support the new role. In this way, they can make an informed decision as to whether the addition of such a role could justify the return on investment (ROI). They need your proposal before an upcoming fiscal meeting. This is not an essay, but instead, it is a proposal to create a new Nurse Informaticist position.
One important part of this assessment is the justification of the need for a nurse informaticist in a health care organization and references from relevant and timely scholarly or professional resources to support the justification for creating this nurse informaticist position. The term justify means to show or prove that the nurse informaticist position brings value to the organization. This justification must include evidence from the literature to support that this position will provide a return on investment for the organization.
Proposal Format
The chief nursing officer (CNO) and human resources (HR) manager have asked you to include the headings below in your proposal and to be sure to address the bullets following each heading. Remember that you will emphasize the focus of the new nurse informaticist position as described in the Assessment 01 – Nursing Informatics in Health Care [PDF] Download Assessment 01 – Nursing Informatics in Health Care [PDF]resource.
Nursing Informatics and the Nurse Informaticist
- What is nursing informatics?
- What is the role of the nurse informaticist?
- Highlight one influential nurse informaticist and their contributions to nursing.
Nurse Informaticists and Other Health Care Organizations
- What is the experience of other health care organizations with nurse informaticists?
- How do these nurse informaticists collaborate with the rest of the nursing staff and the interdisciplinary team?
Impact of Full Nurse Engagement in Health Care Technology
- How does fully engaging nurses in health care technology impact:
- Patient care?
- Protected health information (security, privacy, and confidentiality)?
- In this section, you will explain evidence-based strategies that the nurse informaticist and interdisciplinary team can use to effectively manage patients’ protected health information, particularly privacy, security, and confidentiality. Evidence-based means that they are supported by evidence from scholarly sources.
- Workflow?
- Costs and return on investment?
Opportunities and Challenges
- What are the opportunities and challenges for nurses and the interdisciplinary team with the addition of a nurse informaticist role?
- How can the interdisciplinary team collaborateto improve quality care outcomes through technology?
Summary of Recommendations
- What are 3–4 key takeaways from your proposalabout the recommended nurse informaticist role that you want the CNO and the HR manager to remember?
- This is the section where the justification for the implementation of the nursing informaticist role is addressed. Remember to include evidence from the literature to support your recommendation.
Additional Requirements
- Written communication:Ensure written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
- Submission length: 4–5 double-spaced pages, in addition to title and references pages.
- Font: Times New Roman, 12 point.
- Citations and References:Cite a minimum of three current scholarly and/or authoritative sources to support your ideas. In addition, cite a minimum of one current professional blog or website to support your central ideas. Current means no more than five years old.
- APA formatting:Be sure to follow APA formatting and style guidelines for citations and references. For an APA refresher, consult the Evidence and APA page on Campus.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:
- Competency 1: Describe nurses’ and the interdisciplinary team’s role in informatics with a focus on electronic health information and patient care technology to support decision making.
- Define nursing informatics and the role of the nurse informaticist, highlighting the contributions of an influential nurse informaticist.
- Explain how the nurse collaborates with the interdisciplinary team, including technologists, to improve the quality of patient care.
- Justify the need for a nurse informaticist in a health care organization.
- Competency 2: Implement evidence-based strategies to effectively manage protected health information.
- Explain evidence-based strategies that the nurse informaticist and interdisciplinary team can use to effectively manage patients’ protected health information (privacy, security, and confidentiality).
- Competency 3: Evaluate the impact of patient care technologies on desired outcomes.
- Explain the impact of full nurse engagement in health care technology, including the opportunities and challenges.
- Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication to facilitate use of health information and patient care technologies.
- Follow APA style and formatting guidelines for citations and references.
- Create a clear, well-organized, and professional proposal that is generally free from errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
Scoring Guide
Use the scoring guide to understand how your assessment will be evaluated.
Collapse All
Criterion 1
Define nursing informatics and the role of the nurse informaticist, highlighting the contributions of an influential nurse informaticist.
Distinguished
Defines nursing informatics and the role of the nurse informaticist, highlighting the contributions of an influential nurse informaticist. References current data, evidence, or standards to support and refine definition.
Proficient
Defines nursing informatics and the role of the nurse informaticist, highlighting the contributions of an influential nurse informaticist.
Basic
Defines nursing informatics and the role of the nurse informaticist, but without highlighting the contributions of an influential nurse informaticist.
Non Performance
Does not define nursing informatics and the role of the nurse informaticist or highlight the contributions of an influential nurse informaticist.
Criterion 2
Explain how the nurse collaborates with the interdisciplinary team, including technologists, to improve the quality of patient care.
Distinguished
Explains how the nurse informaticist collaborates with the interdisciplinary team, including technologists, to improve the quality of patient care. Makes explicit reference to scholarly or professional resources to support explanation.
Proficient
Explains how the nurse informaticist collaborates with the interdisciplinary team, including technologists, to improve the quality of patient care.
Basic
Identifies but does not explain how the nurse informaticist collaborates with the interdisciplinary team, including technologists, to improve the quality of patient care.
Non Performance
Does not explain how the nurse informaticist collaborates with the interdisciplinary team, including technologists, to improve the quality of patient care.
Criterion 3
Explain evidence-based strategies that the nurse informaticist and interdisciplinary team can use to effectively manage patients’ protected health information (privacy, security, and confidentiality).
Distinguished
Explains evidence-based strategies that the nurse informaticist and interdisciplinary team can use to effectively manage patients’ protected health information (privacy, security, and confidentiality), with reference to specific data, evidence, or standards to support the explanation.
Proficient
Explains evidence-based strategies that the nurse informaticist and interdisciplinary team can use to effectively manage patients’ protected health information (privacy, security, and confidentiality).
Criterion 4
Explain the impact of full nurse engagement in health care technology, including the opportunities and challenges.
Distinguished
Explains the impact of full nurse engagement in health care technology, including the opportunities and challenges. Provides specific examples.
Proficient
Explains the impact of full nurse engagement in health care technology, including the opportunities and challenges.
Basic
Explains some of the impact of full nurse engagement in health care technology, though the explanation may not include the impact to patient care, workflow, costs, opportunities or challenges.
Non Performance
Does not explain the impact of full nurse engagement in health care technology, including the opportunities and challenges.
Criterion 5
Justify the need for a nurse informaticist in a health care organization.
Distinguished
Justifies the need for a nurse informaticist in a health care organization and references relevant and timely scholarly or professional resources to support the justification.
Proficient
Justifies the need for a nurse informaticist in a health care organization.
Basic
Proposes but does not justify the need for a nurse informaticist in a health care organization.
Non Performance
Does not justify the need for a nurse informaticist in a health care organization.
Criterion 6
Follow APA style and formatting guidelines for citations and references.
Distinguished
Follows APA style and formatting guidelines for citations and references with flawless precision and accuracy.
Proficient
Follows APA style and formatting guidelines for citations and references.
Basic
Partially follows APA style and formatting guidelines for citations and references.
Non Performance
Does not follow APA style and formatting guidelines for citations and references.
Criterion 7
Create a clear, well-organized, and professional proposal that is generally free from errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
Distinguished
Creates a clear, comprehensive, well-organized, and professional proposal that is error-free in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
Proficient
Creates a clear, well-organized, and professional proposal that is generally free from errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
Assessment 01 – Nursing Informatics in Health Care
For this assessment, you will write a 4–5 page evidence-based proposal to support the need for a nurse informaticist in an organization who would focus on improving health care outcomes.
Before you complete the detailed instructions in the courseroom, first review the focus of the new nurse informaticist position you will propose by examining the description below. You will write your evidence-based proposal to support the need for a new nurse informaticist who would focus on developing and implementing clinical decision support systems to enhance patient safety.
• Developing and Implementing Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) to
Enhance Patient Safety:
o Background: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are health information
technology systems designed to provide physicians and other health
professionals with clinical decision support (CDS), that is, assistance with clinical
decision-making tasks.
o Benefits: Studies have shown that CDSS can significantly reduce diagnostic
errors, improve patient safety by providing real-time alerts for potential drug
interactions or contraindications, and integrating CDSS with Electronic Health
Records (EHR) for seamless patient care. For instance, a CDSS can alert a
physician if they try to prescribe a drug that could cause an allergic reaction in a
patient.
- In a 1500-word proposal, present the case for a nurse informaticist who will develop and implement clinical decision support systems.
- Use 5 current scholarly sources to justify the need for a nurse informaticist position dedicated to patient safety technology.
Evidence-Based Proposal for a Nurse Informaticist in a Long-Term Care Facility
Introduction
Healthcare continues to evolve as technology reshapes the way care is delivered and managed. In long-term care facilities, where residents often require continuous monitoring, medication management, and coordinated interventions, technology has become a crucial ally. The integration of health information systems, electronic health records (EHRs), and data-driven decision-making tools can transform patient outcomes and organizational efficiency. However, to maximize these benefits, a dedicated professional is needed—one who understands both clinical practice and information technology. This proposal supports the creation of a Nurse Informaticist position in a long-term care facility to improve safety, care quality, and operational outcomes through the implementation of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS).
Nursing Informatics and the Role of the Nurse Informaticist
Nursing informatics is the integration of nursing science, computer science, and information technology to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice (American Nurses Association, 2022). It focuses on improving patient care and supporting decision-making by transforming data into meaningful insights. The nurse informaticist serves as the bridge between clinical and technical domains. This professional ensures that technology aligns with clinical needs, supports evidence-based practice, and maintains patient safety.
A nurse informaticist’s primary responsibilities include analyzing workflows, training staff on digital tools, supporting EHR optimization, and leading data-driven quality improvement initiatives. These roles directly contribute to better coordination among care providers, improved documentation accuracy, and enhanced regulatory compliance. In long-term care, such functions are essential because these facilities manage complex medication regimens, chronic conditions, and numerous interdisciplinary interactions.
An influential figure in this field is Dr. Judy Murphy, a former Chief Nursing Officer at IBM Global Healthcare and past Deputy National Coordinator for Programs and Policy at the U.S. Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT. Her contributions to the adoption of EHRs and promotion of meaningful use standards have profoundly shaped how nurses interact with technology to support patient care (Murphy, 2021). Her work highlights how informaticists can help transform health systems by aligning nursing practice with innovative technologies that enhance safety and efficiency.
Nurse Informaticists and Other Health Care Organizations
Across various healthcare settings, organizations that have adopted nurse informaticists have reported measurable improvements in patient safety and clinical efficiency. For example, hospitals that implemented CDSS systems guided by nurse informaticists saw reductions in medication errors and improved adherence to clinical guidelines (Lee et al., 2023). These professionals also facilitate collaboration between the nursing staff, physicians, pharmacists, and IT specialists, ensuring that systems meet the workflow demands of all users.
In long-term care, where staffing levels can fluctuate and care continuity is critical, nurse informaticists can coordinate the use of digital tools to reduce omissions in care documentation and enhance handoff communication. They help staff understand data trends in falls, infections, or medication errors, transforming those insights into actionable prevention strategies. Collaboration also extends beyond nurses. Informaticists engage with dietitians, physical therapists, and administrators to ensure that care plans, safety alerts, and resident outcomes are consistent and transparent across disciplines. This integration strengthens team performance and ensures that care remains resident-centered.
Impact of Full Nurse Engagement in Health Care Technology
Patient Care
When nurses are fully engaged with health care technology, patient outcomes improve significantly. Studies have shown that CDSS use in nursing homes can reduce preventable hospitalizations and medication-related adverse events (Bai & Hu, 2022). Real-time alerts, automated reminders, and access to complete patient histories empower nurses to make timely, informed decisions. A nurse informaticist can guide this engagement by ensuring that CDSS tools are configured to meet the facility’s unique needs, while also monitoring system effectiveness and staff feedback.
Protected Health Information (Security, Privacy, and Confidentiality)
Maintaining data privacy and security is fundamental to ethical care delivery. The nurse informaticist plays a key role in promoting compliance with regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Evidence-based strategies include multi-factor authentication, role-based access controls, and regular cybersecurity training for all staff. A nurse informaticist ensures these measures are implemented and sustained, while developing workflows that minimize risks of unauthorized disclosures. They collaborate with IT specialists to monitor potential breaches and ensure that data management aligns with legal and ethical standards (Johnson & Bussey, 2020).
Workflow
Technology can streamline workflows by reducing manual documentation and improving communication among care teams. A nurse informaticist analyzes how staff interact with EHRs and identifies barriers that slow documentation or data retrieval. By optimizing system interfaces and automating repetitive tasks, nurses can spend more time with residents instead of on administrative duties. This not only improves satisfaction and retention but also supports consistent and high-quality care.
Costs and Return on Investment
Introducing a nurse informaticist represents an investment in long-term sustainability. While the initial cost may include salary, training, and system enhancements, the financial return comes from fewer medication errors, reduced hospital readmissions, and improved survey compliance. For instance, a long-term care facility that integrated CDSS under nurse informaticist leadership reported a 20% reduction in adverse drug events and a 15% increase in documentation accuracy, saving thousands of dollars in penalties and rework costs (Lee et al., 2023). Moreover, the informaticist’s ability to analyze data trends supports proactive resource management and efficient staffing decisions.
Opportunities and Challenges
Introducing a nurse informaticist opens many opportunities for long-term care facilities. The most significant benefit lies in promoting data-driven decision-making and continuous improvement. The informaticist can design dashboards that visualize resident outcomes, infection rates, and medication compliance, allowing leaders to act quickly on emerging trends. Another opportunity is professional growth for the nursing team. By learning to use data tools effectively, nurses enhance their clinical judgment and expand their competencies in technology-driven care.
However, there are also challenges. Change resistance, limited technical skills among staff, and budget constraints can slow implementation. Some nurses may feel overwhelmed by new digital tools or fear that technology will replace their judgment. Addressing these challenges requires a structured training plan and open communication. The nurse informaticist can lead peer mentoring programs and feedback sessions that build trust and confidence. They can also collaborate with administrators to align system upgrades with available resources, ensuring sustainability.
Summary of Recommendations
The creation of a Nurse Informaticist position in a long-term care facility is both a strategic and ethical imperative. Evidence supports that such roles enhance safety, data accuracy, and efficiency. The proposed nurse informaticist would focus on implementing and maintaining a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) tailored for the facility’s needs. This system would reduce medication errors, improve resident monitoring, and ensure regulatory compliance.
Three main takeaways emerge from this proposal:
- The integration of nursing informatics leads to measurable improvements in patient safety and operational efficiency. Evidence from peer-reviewed studies confirms that informaticists significantly enhance outcomes by connecting data systems with nursing workflows.
- A nurse informaticist ensures the protection of patient data through evidence-based privacy and security protocols, reducing the risk of data breaches and ensuring compliance with federal laws.
- Investing in this role generates long-term savings and measurable return on investment by preventing errors, optimizing workflows, and improving resident satisfaction.
Overall, the establishment of this position aligns with national priorities for patient safety and digital transformation in healthcare. A long-term care facility that embraces a nurse informaticist not only strengthens its workforce but also ensures a sustainable future driven by data-informed, compassionate care.
References
- American Nurses Association. (2022). Nursing informatics: Scope and standards of practice (3rd ed.). Silver Spring, MD: ANA.
- Bai, Y., & Hu, X. (2022). Impact of clinical decision support systems on medication safety in nursing homes. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 23(5), 764–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2021.09.015
- Johnson, R., & Bussey, S. (2020). Data privacy and nursing informatics essay: Ethical challenges in the digital age. Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 38(10), 487–493. https://doi.org/10.1097/CIN.0000000000000640
- Lee, J., Patel, K., & Thompson, R. (2023). Evaluating the effectiveness of nurse informaticists in reducing medical errors and optimizing workflow. Journal of Nursing Management, 31(2), 212–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13721
- Murphy, J. (2021). Nursing informatics and digital transformation: Lessons from leadership. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 26(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol26No01PPT33