Socioeconomic status (SES) is generally defined as being a combination of a person’s or family’s income, education, and occupational/societal status. Those three things often go together, but not always. For example, some people have graduate degrees but are unemployed, while other people—think pro athletes—may have little education, yet get a lot of money and prestige. Still, there’s usually a fairly strong correlation between income, education, and status.
It turns out that in the United States, SES is one of the biggest predictors of children’s health—the higher the SES, the better the physical health. Your job for this question is to describe at least four separate reasons for this linkage. You aren’t required to specifically mention Bronfenbrenner’s theory in your answer, but you do need to provide answers that address at least 3 levels of his model.
More details;
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory
American psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner was critical of previous theories of child development. He argued that studies of children in unfamiliar laboratory environments with one other person, usually a stranger, were ecologically invalid (See Mary Ainsworth’s 1970 experiment of the ‘
Bronfenbrenner (1974) claimed most earlier studies were ‘unidirectional’, meaning that the laboratory studies observed the influence of A on B (e.g. a stranger/mother with a child), rather than looking at the possible influence of the child on the stranger/mother, or any other third party’s influence.
Bronfenbrenner maintained that these laboratory features of research are not characteristic of environments that children actually live and develop in.
Bronfenbrenner recognized there are multiple aspects of a developing child’s life that interacts with and affects the child. His work looked beyond individual development, taking into account wider influencing factors and the context (or ecology) of development. He proposed the ‘Ecological Systems Theory’ based on these dynamic interactions that the environments have on the developing child.
Bronfenbrenner’s (1974) perspective has some resemblance to the works of Albert Bandua’s social learning theory and Lev Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory in which the environment is explicitly or implicitly considered as a crucial mechanism in development.
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