The most used treatment for leukemia is regular long-term chemotherapy. Recently specialists have started to utilize a more serious chemo regimen, which has driven more reactions to treatment. But these regimens are too more likely to cause side impacts, such as reduced white blood cell counts. Patients are required to take more medication to cure the side effects (Met et al., 2019). For this reason, there is a new method introduced that also helps in the treatment of leukemia. The human immune system is divided into either the adaptive or innate immune system. Through the supervision of the immune system, any non-self-molecules are easily eliminated (Zhao & Cao, 2019). The eliminated cells include the tumoured cell and the virally infected cells. The cells removed can acquire the antigenicity and are expressed as the neoantigen recognized as non-self and is removed from the body. Cancers cells are somehow not easily removed by the immune system of the body They develop a mechanism in which they are not recognized by the immune system and instead suppress it causing failure in maintaining antitumor immunity. The cell is unable to recognize the tumoured cells hence increase their growth and survival. Tumor suppresses the immune response by synthesizing the immunosuppressant that maintains the tolerance of the tumor. Imunnposupression affects all the parts of the immune system creating a favorable condition for the growth of a tumoured cell. (Hinrichs & Rosenberg, 2014).
Better comprenhesion of the immune system has facilitated the development of new methods to fight cancer.The most recognized recent method is by modifying the cell of the immune system so that they can be able to recognize the tumoured cell and destroy them. Genetic modification of the T cell (Zhao & Cao, 2019), improves their functionality enhancing the immune response to achieve a longer duration of the cancer regression (Hinrichs & Rosenberg, 2014; Kalos et al., 2011). Many types of research have been done in the past decade to confirm how the manipulation of the cell of the immune system can be used to reduce the cancer cells in the body. Clinical tests are done with the T cell receptor and another clinical test is done with the CAR t cells. The research aims to have an understanding of the new methods of leukemia treatment with fewer side effects as compared to chemotherapy.
