USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide | My Assignment Tutor

USQ APA 7 Referencing GuideUniversity of Southern QueenslandDisclaimerThis USQ APA 7 referencing guide is based on the following manual:American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000If you believe copyright work that is available within this guide constitutes copyright infringement, please complete the USQ CopyrightInfringement Notification Form.ContentsAbout this Guide 1Part I. APA 7 Referencing Style Essentials1. Fundamental PrinciplesAPA Referencing Style 3Key terms 4When to cite 5Reference components 5Abbreviations 5Paraphrasing 6Direct quotes 6Formatting your APA paper 7In-text citation 7Formatting the reference list 7Where do I find the information? 8What if I can’t find an example of the source type I want to reference? 9Additional help 103Part II. Reference and in-text citation examples2. Variations in authors/creators 123. Variations in dates, editions, titles, DOIs and web addresses/URLs 204. Books, journal articles, newspaper articles 245. Web documents, websites and other electronic media 286. Government publications 317. Social media and blogs 338. Legislation and legal authorities 379. Non-government reports 4010. Standards and patents 4111. Conference papers and proceedings 4212. Theses and dissertations 4413. Audiovisual material 4514. Images including tables, figures, graphs, maps, charts and datasets 4815. Computer software and apps 5216. Personal communications 5417. Pamphlet/brochure/fact sheet 5518. Indigenous materials 5619. USQ teaching materials 5720. Other 6121. Sample reference list 67About this GuideWelcome to the USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide.This guide is the official USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide and is based on the following manual:• American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American PsychologicalAssociation (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000The aim of this guide is to provide basic referencing information only. Refer to the Publication manual ofthe American Psychological Association (7th ed.) for more comprehensive information and consult yourcourse materials and your course examiner to confirm any specific referencing requirements for your course.If you are printing or downloading the guide, check the USQ referencing website regularly to ensure thatyou are using the latest version.Last updated December 20201IAPA 7 Referencing Style Essentials21. Fundamental PrinciplesIn this chapter:APA Referencing Style Formatting your APA paperKey terms In-text citationWhen to cite Formatting the reference listReference components Where do I find the information?Abbreviations Additional helpParaphrasingAPA Referencing StyleAcademic conventions and copyright law require that you acknowledge when you use the ideas of others. Inmost cases, this means stating where (i.e. which book, journal article, website, etc.) you sourced the idea orquotation.As a university student, you are expected to read within your subject area/s, and to refer to such writingswithin your assessment tasks. Referring to the writings of researchers in your subject area shows your courseexaminer that:• You have studied the topic• You are aware of current knowledge within the topic, and• You can use the ideas of others to develop and support an argument or point of view.It also allows your reader to locate the source should they wish to access it themselves.To clearly differentiate your own thoughts from those of the experts whose work you are referring to, you needto provide a reference when you refer to the ideas or work of others. The reference, or citation, must followthe conventions of the referencing style stipulated by your course examiner.Most USQ courses require you to use APA, Harvard AGPS, or AGLC. Your course materials should directyou to which one you need to use. If not, check with your course examiner.This APA 7 guide draws from:• American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American PsychologicalAssociation (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000• APA Style homepage (https://apastyle.apa.org/).• APA Style blog (https://apastyle.apa.org/blog).The aim of this guide is to provide basic referencing information. For more detailed information about how towrite, structure and publish to APA standards, refer to the Publication manual and/or the APA Style blog.University policy mandates the use of the APA Style defined by this referencing guide.3Key terms• BibliographyA bibliography is similar to a reference list, however, it can include resources used during research that arenot cited in the assignment. APA Style does not use a bibliography. Use a reference list.• Creative Commons (CC)Creative Commons (CC) is an organisation that provides alternatives to standard copyright licenses. A CClicense allows creative work to be shared within specified parameters. Always check what the specific CClicense allows.• DOIA Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique name assigned by the International DOI Foundation that providesa persistent link to a resource’s location on the Internet. When a DOI is available, no further retrievalinformation is needed to locate the content.• et al.An abbreviation for ‘et alii’ which means and others.• Hanging indentAPA requires the Reference list to be formatted with a hanging indent. This means that the first line of eachitem in the list will be set to the left margin and subsequent lines will be indented (half an inch, or five toseven spaces).• In-textBrief information about the source of your ideas. The in-text citation is provided where you used the idea,usually in the same sentence. APA Style in-text citations include the author and date of publication. Sometimescalled ‘citation’ or ‘in-text reference.’• ParaphrasingParaphrasing is the expression of ideas and information in your own words. It involves completely altering thesentence or paragraph structure. You must acknowledge the source/s when you paraphrase.• PeriodicalA publication that is published at regular intervals, such as a journal, magazine, or newspaper.• Reference listThe reference list is where you provide the information necessary for your reader to identify and retrieve thesources you used for your assignment. To format your reference list, follow the guidelines under the heading‘Formatting the reference list’ in this guide.• Secondary citationA secondary citation is used when you cite a work that you found cited in another source, AND you cannotlocate the original work. For guidelines on how to create a secondary citation see ‘Authors citing otherauthors’ under the heading ‘Variations in authors/creators’ in this guide.4 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide• URLA Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a website address.When to citeYou need to include a citation every time you:• Quote directly from someone else’s work• Paraphrase someone else’s ideas• Quote directly or paraphrase from your own previous work, including an assignment• Use an image• Use numerical data or datasetsCiting your sources not only demonstrates that you are using the ideas from others in your field of study – andhence reading in that area – but also allows the reader to identify and locate that source for themselves.Reference componentsAPA citations include four components: who, when, what, and where. These components enable the reader tolocate the source.AbbreviationsThe following abbreviations may be used when referencing in APA (American Psychological Association,2020, pp. 306-307). AbbreviationBook or publication parted.editionRev. ed.Revised edition2nd ed.second editionEd. (Eds.)Editor (Editors) USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 5 Trans.Translator(s)n.d.no datep. (pp.)page (pages)Vol.Volume (e.g. Vol. 4)Vols.Volumes (e.g. Vols. 1-4)No.NumberPt.PartTech. Rep.Technical ReportSuppl.Supplementca.CircaSr., Jr.Senior, Junior (include only in reference list, not in-text)…ellipses: use in place of omitted wordspara. (paras.)paragraph (paragraphs) ParaphrasingParaphrasing is when you summarise the ideas, concepts or words from the work of someone else, orfrom your own previous work. Changing only a few words from someone else’s work does not constituteparaphrasing. Paraphrasing involves completely altering the sentence structure and rewriting the informationin your own words. Refer to the resource Developing Academic Skills: Paraphrasing and Synthesis for moreinformation.When to include page numbersAccording to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.), when paraphrasingor referring to an idea in another work, you are not required to provide a page number for paraphrasedmaterial. However, you may include page numbers when a work is particularly long and it might be useful forthe reader. If you choose to include page numbers, they should appear after the year of publication, as shownin the following examples:• Soil layers below the well tip contribute relatively little water (Kozeny, 1988, pp. 223-224).• Kozeny (1988) found soil layers below the well tip contributed little (pp. 223-224).Direct quotesQuotations or quotes are when you use the exact words of someone else, or from your own published orunpublished work. Quotations must be referenced with page numbers. For sources that do not provide pagenumbers, use the paragraph number, if possible, preceded by the abbreviation ‘para.’ (e.g. Broome & Davies,1999, para. 5).• Quotations of less than 40 words (approximately) should form part of the text and be designated withdouble quotation marks.◦ e.g. Students receiving “additional information literacy training achieved higher grades than studentswho did not attend any skills’ sessions” (Capel, 2002, p. 323).• With quotations of 40 or more words DO NOT use quotation marks; begin the quotation on a new line6 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guideand indent it half an inch. Double-space the quotation.Block quotation example:A number of studies have explored the relationship between personality and culture.Doi (1973) has postulated amae as a core concept of the Japanese personality. The root of this wordmeans “sweet,” and loosely translated, amae refers to the passive, childlike dependence of one personon another. It is said to be rooted in mother-child relationships. (Matsumoto & Juang, 2008, p. 278)• Quotes should be written exactly as they appear in the source (including spelling, punctuation etc).• Do not omit or alter citations embedded within the quote.• A citation within the direct quote is not included in your Reference list unless cited elsewhere in yourwork. In the example above, the 2008 publication (the source of the quote) is included in the list ofreferences but the 1973 work mentioned within the quote is not, unless it is used as a source elsewhere inthe work.Formatting your APA paperIn general, USQ APA formatting requires work to be double-spaced including the headings, quotations,references and figure captions. Triple- or quadruple-spacing may be applied in special circumstances such asbefore and after displayed items. Single or one-and-a-half line spacing is never used except inside tables orfigures, or as directed.11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, 10-point Lucida Sans Unicode, 12-point Times New Roman, 11-pointGeorgia or 10-point Computer Modern are all acceptable fonts in APA 7. Refer to your course outline forfurther advice.In-text citationFor works with more than one author, list the author names in the order they appear in the source.For separate works from different authors, list them alphabetically, with each separated by a semicolon. E.g.(Haddon, 1969; Larsen, 1971).Use the author-date style method of citation for quotations (exact words of another author/creator) andparaphrasing (summarising the words and ideas of someone else).Note: Page numbers have not been included in in-text citations for paraphrased material in this APAreferencing guide. Please consult your course examiner and/or your course outline to determine whether youare required to include (or omit) page numbers for paraphrased material.Formatting the reference list• The reference list should include only the sources you cite in your submission.• APA Style requires reference lists, not bibliographies.• The reference list begins on a new page. The heading References is centred at the top of the page inbold type.USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 7• Double-space all reference entries (Note: To reduce printing costs, reference examples shown in thisguide are single spaced. The only exception to this is the Sample Reference list which is double spacedand formatted with hanging indents, as per APA requirements).• The first line of every reference list entry should be flush left, and the second and subsequent linesshould be indented half an inch (five to seven spaces).• Hyperlinks should be live if the work will be read or published online. Note: Hyperlinks are live in thereferencing examples shown in the web and PDF versions of the guide.• Arrange entries in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author as the letters appear (e.g. M,Mac, MacD, Mc).• For works with more than one author, list the author names in the order they appear in the source.• If more than one work by an author is cited, list these by earliest publication date first.• If the list contains more than one item published by the same author(s) in the same year, add lower caseletters immediately after the year to distinguish them (e.g. 1983a, 1983b).• If there is no author, the title moves to the author position (filed under the first significant word of thetitle). If the title in this instance begins with numerals, spell them out.Where do I find the information?If you choose to download a citation for the source you are using (e.g. from databases or software such asEndnote) be careful to check the accuracy of the citation before including it in your assignment because errorsin downloaded citations are common.Books• The title page of a book should provide:◦ The title◦ Subtitle◦ Name of the author/s (or creator, editor, etc.)◦ Publisher’s imprint (publisher’s name).• The reverse of the title page (also known as verso-title, imprint or reverse-title page) provides a lot moreinformation, including:◦ Publisher’s name◦ Name of the editor, designer, photographer, etc., as appropriate◦ Copyright notice (including the year of copyright)◦ A list of editions and reprints◦ Details of other volumes in a multi-volume work.Journals• The front page of a journal article should provide the information required for your citation but you mayalso need to look in the database entry or journal table of contents. Look for:◦ Title of the article◦ Title of the journal◦ Author/s◦ When the article was published, including the year, volume and issue numbers8 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide◦ A DOI (most recently published online articles will have a doi)• Make a note of the URL if the article does not have a DOI.• You also need the page range: the first and last page numbers.Internet sources• The goals of a citation for an online source are to credit the author/creator and to enable the reader tofind the material.◦ You are looking for the ‘who’ (author), ‘when’ (date) and ‘what’ (title) elements. There is nostandard place on a website to locate this information.◦ For the ‘where’ element, direct readers as closely as possible to the information; whenever possible,use the URL for the exact page.◦ A URL replaces the name of the publisher typically provided for text references. For websites whereinformation may be updated regularly, also include a retrieval statement, with date.◦ If the source undergoes regular revision, the date for the most recent update should be used.◦ It is often appropriate to include additional information after the title of the work (similar toincluding an edition number for a book). Sometimes this is included as part of the title (e.g. a reportnumber). This may include the format of the source.◦ For sources that do not provide page numbers, use the paragraph number, if possible, preceded bythe abbreviation ‘para.’ (e.g. Broome & Davies, 1999, para. 5).• To provide specific information from a website or web document within the text of an assignment, youmust provide both an in-text citation and an entry in the reference list. Use the exact URL for the webpage that has the information you are citing.• The only time you provide the URL of the entire website is:◦ When you mention it in passing – e.g. Comprehensive information about the University of SouthernQueensland can be found at the University’s website (https://www.usq.edu.au/). In this instance, youinclude an in-text citation only.◦ When the specific information you are citing is on the home page. In this instance, follow theguidelines for how to cite and reference a web page or web document.• When citing specific information, create a reference following the guidelines for how to cite andreference a web page or web document.What if I can’t find an example of the source type I want to reference?This referencing guide includes examples for a wide range of source types however it does not provide anexample for every different source type that you may need to reference. If you are unable to find an examplefor the source type, you need to:• Think about your source type. Are there a few different types it might possibly be but you’re not surewhich of those it actually is? If so, have a look at the guidelines for each of the different types it mightbe. The guidelines for creating the citation might be the same.◦ E.g. The guidelines for how to reference a web page and how to reference a web document are thesame.• Consider combining different elements from more than one example within the guide.◦ E.g. To cite a newspaper article where you do not know who the author is, you will have to followguidelines for both of the following:USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 9 No author, in the Author Variations section Newspaper article.Additional helpContact the Library or consult the following:• American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American PsychologicalAssociation (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000Call number 808.06615 PUB• APA Style homepage: (https://apastyle.apa.org/)• APA Style blog (https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/).While the Library is not responsible for checking lists of references we can refer you to our referencingguides and the published manuals listed to help you ensure the accuracy of your referencing.10 USQ APA 7 Referencing GuideIIReference and in-text citation examples112. Variations in authors/creatorsThis chapter includes guidelines for how to complete the author-date part of both the in-text and reference listcitation for a variety of different author types and combinations. Guidelines for completing the full citation tobe included in the reference list can be located in a different section of this guide, depending on the sourcetype of the material.In this chapter:Single author Different authors with same surnameTwo authors Author as publisherThree to twenty authors Acknowledging translators, compilers, editors, revisers or illustratorsTwenty-one or more authors Edited book/collectionUnknown author Authors citing other authors (secondary citations)Corporate (group) author Titles such as Junior, Senior, FourthMultiple works by same author Author name spelling 1. SINGLE AUTHOR• Include the author surname and the year of publication in every in-text citation.In-text(Author Surname, Year)Examples:The environmental aspects of… (Calder, 2009).Calder (2009) states that …ReferenceAuthor Surname, Initial. (Year). See guidelines for appropriate source type to complete citation.Example:Calder, A. (2009). Compliance for green IT: A pocket guide. IT Governance.2. TWO AUTHORS• Include both author surnames and the year of publication in every in-text citation.• Cite the authors in the order they appear in the source.• Use ‘&’ when in brackets and in the Reference list. Use ‘and’ in running text. 12 In-text(Author A Surname & Author B Surname, Year)Examples:The research challenges… (Bernstein & Tiegerman, 1989).Bernstein and Tiegerman (1989) have illustrated…ReferenceAuthor A Surname, Initial., & Author B Surname, Initial. (Year). See guidelines for appropriate source type tocomplete citation.Example:Bernstein, D. K., & Tiegerman, E. (1989). Language and communication disorders in children (2nd ed.).Merrill.3. THREE TO TWENTY AUTHORS• Provide the first author surname only, followed by “et al.” and year of publication for every in-text citation.• Include all author surnames and initials in the Reference list• Cite the authors in the order they appear in the source.In-text(Author A Surname et al., Year)Example:(Curwen et al., 2000)ReferenceAuthor A Surname, Initial., Author B Surname, Initial., Author C Surname, Initial., Author D Surname,Initial., & Author E Surname, Initial. (Year). See guidelines for appropriate source type to completecitation.*Note: Authors A-E are presented above. If the source you need to cite has more than five authors, follow theformat above and continue to add as many author names as required, up to twenty (i.e. Authors F-T).Example:Curwen, B., Palmer, S., & Ruddell, P. (2000). Brief cognitive behaviour therapy. Sage.4. TWENTY-ONE OR MORE AUTHORS• Provide the first author surname only, followed by “et al.” and year of publication for every in-text citation.• For the Reference list, include the first nineteen author names, followed by an ellipses (…) and then the finalauthor’s name.• Cite the authors in the order they appear in the source. USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 13 In-text(First Author Surname et al., Year)Examples:Oliveros et al. (2019) discussed …Strategies aimed … (Oliveros et al., 2019).ReferenceAuthor A Surname, Initial., Author B Surname, Initial., Author C Surname, Initial., Author D Surname,Initial., Author E Surname, Initial., Author F Surname, Initial., Author G Surname, Initial., Author HSurname, Initial., Author I Surname, Initial., Author J Surname, Initial., Author K Surname, Initial.,Author L Surname, Initial., Author M Surname, Initial., Author N Surname, Initial., Author O Surname,Initial., Author P Surname, Initial., Author Q Surname, Initial., Author R Surname, Initial., Author SSurname, Initial., … Author (Final) Surname, Initial. (Year). See guidelines for appropriate source typeto complete citation.Examples:Oliveros, C. H., Field, D. J., Ksepka, D. T., Barker, F. K., Aleixo, A., Andersen, M. J., Alstrom, P., Benz, B.W., Braun, E. L., Braun, M. J., Bravo, G. A., Brumfield, R. T., Chesser, R. T., Claramunt, S., Cracraft, J.,Cuervo, A. M., Derryberry, E. P., Glenn, T. C., Harvey, M. G., … Faircloth, B. C. (2019). Earth historyand the passerine superradiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States,116(16), 7916-7925. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.18132061165. UNKNOWN AUTHORa) Anonymous• If the work is signed ‘Anonymous’, treat it as if ‘Anonymous’ is the author’s true name. This is the only timeAnonymous should be used.b) No author/editor• Move the title to the author position. In text, use the first few words of the title, or the whole title if short.• If the title of the work is italicised in the reference list, italicise the title in-text. If the title is not italicised in thereference list, use double quotation marks around the title in-text and use title case.In-texta) (Anonymous, Year)b) (Title (shortened), Year)(“Title (shortened),” Year)Examples:a) … as was argued (Anonymous, 1996).b) These effects can be seen in … (Psychological effects, 1999).Psychological effects (1999) illustrated that …The case aligns with … (“Psychotherapy,” 2019). 14 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide Referencea) Anonymous. (Year). See guidelines for appropriate source type to complete citation.b) Title/Title. (Year). See guidelines for appropriate source type to complete citation.Examples:a) Anonymous. (1996). Primary colors: A novel of politics. Random House.b) Psychological effects of cocaine and crack addiction: A survey of the psychological side of so-called“designer drugs”. (1999). Chelsea House.Psychotherapy. (2019). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychotherapy6. CORPORATE (GROUP) AUTHOR• Spell out all Corporate (Group) author names in full in the reference list entry.• Abbreviations can be used in-text. Use the full Group Author name the first time in-text, followed by theabbreviation. Abbreviate the name for second and subsequent in-text citations (refer to example ‘c’).• If a group author name consists of multiple levels of Government agencies, provide only the most specific level inthe reference list entry.• If individual author names appear on the title or cover page of the work, treat them as the author and use theGroup name in the source element of the reference list entry.In-text(Organisation, Year)Examples:a) Church laws would show … (Church of England, 1877).b) Nicotine has been shown … (Office of the Surgeon General, 1988).c) Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS, 2008) released … (first citation in-text)ABS (2008) information … (second and subsequent citations)ReferenceOrganisation Name. (Year). See guidelines for appropriate source type to complete citation.Examples:a) Church of England. (1877). The church in its divine constitution and office, and in its relations with the civilpower: A charge delivered to the clergy of the Archdeaconry of Maidstone at the ordinary visitation inMay 1877: With notes (Talbot Collection of British Pamphlets). https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiuo.ark:/13960/t0qr5116j&view=1up&seq=11b) Office of the Surgeon General. (1988). The health consequence of smoking: Nicotine addiction: A report ofthe Surgeon General (DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 88-8406). Centre for Health Promotion andEducation, Office of Smoking and Health. https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/nn/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101584932X437-docc) Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2016). Research and experimental development, higher educationorganisations, Australia (Catalogue No. 8111.0). https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8111.0 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 15 7. MULTIPLE WORKS BY SAME AUTHOR• Arrange dates in order (oldest to newest) in the Reference list.• Use suffixes after the year when there are multiple publications from the same year. The suffixes are assigned inthe reference list where these kinds of references are listed in alphabetical order by title (article, chapter orcomplete work).• Only use the year and the suffix in the in-text citation, even when the reference list entry has a more specific date(e.g. Year and season).In-textExample:Studies suggest … (Clark, 2006a, Clark, 2006b, Clark, 2008).ReferenceExample:Clark, A. (2006a, Autumn). Flying the flag for mainstream Australia. Griffith Review, (11), 53-59.Clark, A. (2006b). Teaching the nation: Politics and pedagogy in Australian history. Melbourne UniversityPress.Clark, A. (2008). History’s children: History wars in the classroom. UNSW Press.8. DIFFERENT AUTHORS WITH SAME SURNAMEa) Co-authors – if co-authors share the same surname, use the standard author-date method of citation in-text.b) Separate works – if the authors of separate works share the same surname, use the authors’ initials in-text.In-texta) A study found that … (Goldenberg & Goldenberg, 2013).Goldenberg and Goldenberg (2013) found …b) M. Reynolds (2012) states … but others disagree (H. Reynolds, 1987).Referencea) Goldenberg, H., & Goldenberg, I. (2013). Family therapy: An overview (8th ed.). BrooksCole, CengageLearning.b) Reynolds, H. (1987). Frontier. Allen & Unwin.Reynolds, M. (2012). Hemingway: The 1930s through the final years. W. W. Norton & Co.9. AUTHOR AS PUBLISHER• If the author of a work is also the publisher, omit the name from the publisher element of the reference list entry. 16 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide In-text(Author Surname/Organisation, Year)Example:(American Psychiatric Association, 2001)ReferenceAuthor Surname/Organisation, Initial. (Year). See guidelines for appropriate source type to complete citation.Example:American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.978089042559610. ACKNOWLEDGING TRANSLATORS, COMPILERS, EDITORS, REVISERS, OR ILLUSTRATORS• If the author’s role remains of primary importance, editors, compilers, revisers, translators, or illustrators can alsobe acknowledged. Use abbreviations such as Ed., Comp., Rev., Trans., Illus.In-text(Author Surname, Year)Example:Research in the field of environmental psychology… (Levy-Leboyer, 1979/1982).ReferenceAuthor Surname, Initial. (Year). Title. (Initial. Surname, Role). See guidelines for appropriate source type tocomplete citation.Example:Levy-Leboyer, C. (1982). Psychology and environment (D. Cantor & I. Griffiths, Trans.). Sage. (Original workpublished 1979).11. EDITED BOOK/COLLECTIONIn-text(Editor Surname, Year)Example:Roy (2006) states that …ReferenceEditor Surname, Initial. (Ed.). (Year). See guidelines for appropriate source type to complete citation.Example: USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 17 Roy, M. J. (Ed.). (2006). Novel approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder(NATO Security Through Science Series). IOS Press.12. AUTHORS CITING OTHER AUTHORS (SECONDARY CITATIONS)• You must acknowledge both the primary and secondary source of information in-text. To do this, include theprimary source first and then insert the words ‘as cited in’ before the secondary source (the secondary source isthe one you are reading).• In the Reference list, cite the secondary source only.In-textExamples:Kelley (1978) stated … (as cited in Cauvin, 2018).Public history refers to … (Kelley, 1978, as cited in Cauvin, 2018).ReferenceAuthor Surname, Initial. (Year). See guidelines for appropriate source type to complete citation.Example:Cauvin, T. (2018). The rise of public history: An international perspective. Historia Critica, 68, 3-26.https://doi.org/10.7440/histcrit68.2018.0113. TITLES SUCH AS JUNIOR, SENIOR, FOURTH• The title is not included in-text. Include the title in the reference list.• Use the following abbreviations:◦ Sr for Senior◦ Jr for Junior◦ II for Second◦ III for Third, and so on.In-textExample:Selling properties … (Grau, 2016).ReferenceExample:Grau, D., Sr. (2016). Buying, selling, and valuing financial practices: the FP transitions M&A guide. Wiley.14. AUTHOR NAME SPELLING 18 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide a) When author given names are hyphenated, include a period after the first initial, followed by a hyphen andthe second initial (with no spaces between these elements).b) When author surnames are hyphenated (e.g. Garcia-Duque), write them as they appear on the source.c) Two-part author surnames are also written as they appear on the source work.In-textExamples:a) Classroom teaching … (Chang et al. 2020).b) The relationship between … (Florez et al. 2019).c) Van de Poll (2013) warns that …ReferenceExamples:a) Chang, C.-J., Liu, C.-C., Wen, C.-T., Tseng, L.-W., Chang, H.-Y., Chang, M.-H., Fan Chiang, S.-H., & Yang,C.-W. (2020). The impact of light-weight inquiry with computer simulations on science learning inclassrooms. Computers & Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103770b) Florez, D., Garcia-Duque, C. E., & Osorio, J. C. (2019). Is technology (still) applied science? Technology inSociety. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101193c) Van de Poll, E. (2013). Europe and the gospel: Past influences, current developments, mission challenges.Versita. USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 193. Variations in dates, editions, titles, DOIs and web addresses/URLsThis chapter includes guidelines for how to complete the part of the citation relating to dates, editions, titles,DOIs and web addresses. Guidelines for completing the full citation to be included in the reference list can belocated in a different section of this guide.In this chapter:Specific dates TitlesNo publication date DOIs and URLsEditions 1. SPECIFIC DATESa) Year – use only the year for books, journals and audiovisual material.b) Including the month or season – if a journal or newsletter does not use volume numbers, include themonth or season in the reference list entry.c) Including the day – for dailies and weeklies, include the day in the reference list entry.• In-text, provide the year only, even when specific dates are provided in the reference list entry.In-text(Author Surname, Year)Examples:a) The environmental aspects of … (Calder, 2009).b) Increased government support … (Clark, 2006).c) In the 1960s … (USQ, 2017).Referencea) Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title. Publisher.b) Author Surname, Initial. (Year, Month/Season). Title. Publisher.c) Author Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title. Publisher.Examples:a) Calder, A. (2009). Compliance for a green IT: A pocket guide. IT Governance.b) Clark, A. (2006, Autumn). Flying the flag for mainstream Australia. Griffith Review, (11), 53-59.c) USQ [@usqedu]. (2017, August 17). #throwbackthursday to study in the 60’s and life before the internet[Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/BX4V9BIDKqu/ 20 2. NO PUBLICATION DATEa) If the source does not include a date of publication, use n.d. in place of the year, which means ‘no date’.b) When the year is not known but can be reliably estimated, use ‘ca.’ (the abbreviation for circa) before thedate and use square brackets in the Reference list.In-texta) (Author, n.d.)b) (Author, Estimated Year)Example:a) Free copyright licenses … (Creative Commons, n.d.).b) Lloyd Webber’s (ca. 1970) musical …Referencea) Author Surname, Initial. (n.d.). See guidelines for appropriate source type to complete citation.b) Author Surname, Initial. [ca. Estimated Year]. See guidelines for appropriate source type to completecitation.Example:a) Creative Commons. (n.d.). Share your work. https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/b) Lloyd Webber, A. [ca. 1970]. Jesus Christ superstar. Leeds Music.3. EDITIONS• For 2nd or later editions, include the edition number after the title, in brackets.In-text(Author Surname, Year)Example:The American Psychiatric Association (2001) states …ReferenceAuthor Surname/Organisation, Initial. (Year). Title (Edition). Publisher.Example:American Psychiatric Association. (2001). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.97808904255964. TITLES USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 21 • If a title has two subtitles, use a colon between the title and subtitle and between the subtitle and the secondsubtitle.• In the reference list, italicise the title of works that stand alone (e.g. books, e-books, reports, webpages). Do notitalicise the title of works that are part of a greater whole (e.g. journal articles, book chapters, newspaper articles).In-text(Author Surname, Year)Example:Church laws would show … (Church of England, 1877).ReferenceAuthor Surname/Organisation, Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle: Second subtitle. See guidelines forappropriate source type to complete citation.Example:Church of England. Archdeaconry of Maidstone. (1877). The church in its divine constitution and office, andin its relations with the civil power: A charge delivered to the clergy of the Archdeaconry of Maidstone atthe ordinary visitation in May 1877: With notes (Talbot Collection of British Pamphlets).https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiuo.ark:/13960/t0qr5116j&view=1up&seq=115. DOIs and URLsa) DOI – when a DOI is available, no further retrieval information is required. The doi should be in URLformat: https://doi.org.xxx, with no full stop.b) No DOI – if you obtained the article through a USQ database, treat the article as if it were a print version:no URL required.c) No DOI, if you did not obtain the article via a USQ database, include the direct URL to the article, ifavailable.In-text(Author Surname, Year)Examples:a) A study states that … (Radford, 2001).b) MacLean (2014) states that …c) The survey found … (Brooks, 2002).Reference 22 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guidea) Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, Volume Number(Issue Number), Page Range.https://doi.org.xxxb) Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, Volume Number(Issue Number), Page Range.c) Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, Volume Number(Issue Number), Page Range.URLExamples:a) Radford, M. (2001). Aesthetic and religious awareness among pupils: Similarities and differences. BritishJournal of Music Education, 18, 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265051701000249b) MacLean, M. (2014). Truth and reality in screening sports’ pasts: Sports films, public history andtruthfulness. Journal of Sport History, 41(1), 47-54.c) Brooks, R. G., Walsh, M., Mardon, R. E., Lewis, M., & Clawson, A. (2002). The roles of nature and nurturein the recruitment and retention of primary care physicians in rural areas: A review of the literature.Academic Medicine, 77(8), 790-798. https://tinyurl.com/yceskbxbUSQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 234. Books, journal articles, newspaper articlesIn this chapter:BooksChapter in edited books including dictionaries and encyclopediasJournal articles, newspaper articles, magazine articles 1. BOOKSa) Printb) Online (DOI) – if a DOI is available, always use the DOI.c) Online (no DOI) – if you obtained access via a USQ database, treat it like a print version (no URL).Otherwise, use the URL.d) E-book on an eReader i.e. Kindle, Nook, Sony Reader. In the reference list, do not include the format,platform or device. The only exception to this is you include the format (i.e. Ebook) when the content differsfrom the book or audiobook, or if you quote from the ebook. In the source element of the reference, include thepublisher name and the DOI (preference) or URL (i.e. where you downloaded the book from).e) Musical scoreIn-text(Author Surname, Year)Examples:a) Abbott (2008) states …b) A multidisciplinary approach … (Radanovic & Mansur, 2011).c) Film has its own conventions (Hughes-Warrington, 2007).d) Durant and Durant (2012) discuss …e) In Lloyd Webber’s (ca. 1970) musical …Referencea) Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title (Edition). Publisher.b) Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title. Publisher Name. https://doi.org.xxxc) Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title. Publisher Name. URLd) Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title [Version]. https://doi.org.xxx / URL / Publisher.e) Composer Surname, Initial. (Year). Title. Publisher.Examples:a) Abbott, H. P. (2008). The Cambridge introduction to narrative (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 24 b) Radanovic, M., & Mansur, L. L. (2011). Language disturbances in adulthood: New advances from theneurolinguistics perspective. Bentham Books. https://doi.org/10.2174/97816080510831110101c) Hughes-Warrington, M. (2007). History goes to the movies: Studying history on film. EPDF.PUB.https://epdf.pub/history-goes-to-the-movies-studying-history-on-film.htmld) Durant, W., & Durant, A. (2012). The lessons of history. Simon & Schuster.https://www.amazon.com.au/Lessons-History-Will-Durant-ebook/dp/B008GUIEYUe) Lloyd Webber, A. [ca. 1970]. Jesus Christ superstar. Leeds Music.2. CHAPTER IN EDITED BOOKS, INCLUDING DICTIONARIES AND ENCYCLOPEDIASa) Printb) Online – individual chapters may have their own DOI.c) Article from encyclopediaIn-text(Chapter Author Surname, Year)Examples:a) Morgan (1999) describes …b) Jacobs and Hall (2002) consider the task …c) The field of adult education … (Rubenson, 2010).ReferenceChapter Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In Author/Editor Initial. Surname (Roleabbrev.), Title of book (pp. Page Range of Chapter). Publisher. DOI/URLORSubject / Term. (Year). Source Title. URLExamples:a) Morgan, H. (1999). Nine years war. In W. J. McCormack (Ed.), The Blackwell companion to modern Irishculture (pp. 428-430). Blackwell Publishers.b) Jacobs, G. M., & Hall, S. (2002). Implementing cooperative learning. In J. C. Richards & W. A. Renandya(Eds.), Methodology in language teaching: An anthology of current practice (pp. 52-58). CambridgeUniversity Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667190.009c) Rubenson, K. (2010). Adult education overview. In P. Peterson, E. Baker, & B. McGaw (Eds.), InternationalEncyclopedia of Education (3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 1-11). Elsevier.3. JOURNAL ARTICLES, NEWSPAPER ARTICLES, MAGAZINE ARTICLES USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 25 • Include the issue number where available.• If the publication does not use volume, issue or page numbers, omit this information from the reference.• For daily or weekly publications, include the day in the reference.a) Print journalb) Online journal – include a doi if available. If no doi, and the article was obtained using USQ databases,treat as from a print journal. Otherwise, include URL.c) Print newspaper – provide the page number/s at the end of the reference.d) Online newspapere) Magazinef) Reviews and peer commentary – identify the type of medium being reviewed in square brackets. If thedetails of the item being reviewed are clear from the title of the review, no additional explanatory informationis needed. If the review is untitled, use the bracketed information as the title.g) Abstracth) Advance online publicationIn-text(Author Surname, Year).Examples:a) Coltheart and Prior (2006) discussed …b) MacLean (2014) states that …c) Murray (2001) stated …d) … was recently discovered … (Conor, 2018).e) The frogs are … (Beemster, 2008).f) Boyd (2010) reviewed Carey’s …g) Pedder and Opfer (2010) state that …h) Diecklemann et al. (2011) argues ….ReferenceAuthor Surname, Initial. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, Volume Number(Issue Number), Page Range.Examples:a) Coltheart, M., & Prior, M. (2006). Learning to read in Australia. Australian Journal of LearningDisabilities, 11, 157-164.b) MacLean, M. (2014). Truth and reality in screening sports’ pasts: Sports films, public history andtruthfulness. Journal of Sport History, 41(1), 47-54.c) Murray, E. (2001, May 9). Refugee crisis! [Letter to the editor]. Weekend Australian, A13.d) Conor, L. (2018, November 6). Found: the earliest European image of Aboriginal Australians. TheConversation. https://theconversation.com/found-the-earliest-european-image-of-aboriginalaustralians-106176 26 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guidee) Beemster, M. (2008, December). Saving the Southern Bell Frog. Australian Landcare, 27-29.f) Boyd, W. (2010, July 18). Man as an island [Review of the book William Golding, by J. Carey]. The NewYork Times. http://www.nytimes.com/g) Pedder, D., & Opfer, V. D. (2010). Planning and organization of teachers’ continuous professionaldevelopment in schools in England [Abstract]. Curriculum Journal, 21, 433-452. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2010.529652h) Diecklemann, S., Buchel, C., Born, J., & Rasch, B. (2011). Labile or stable: Opposing consequences formemory when reactivated during waking and sleep. Nature Neuroscience. Advance onlinepublication. http://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2744USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 275. Web documents, websites and other electronic mediaIn this chapter:Website home page Web documentWeb page WikiThe goals of a citation to an online source are to credit the author/creator and to enable the reader to find thematerial.When citing Internet sources, observe the following guidelines:• Follow previous sections for format of who (author), when (date) and what (title) elements.• For the ‘where’ element, direct readers as closely as possible to the information; whenever possible,reference specific documents rather than the home or menu pages.• The author of a website is usually the person or organisation responsible for the site.• Include retrieval dates only when the source material is likely to change over time (e.g. Facebook page,Twitter profile, a Google Map) and the webpage is not archived.• If the source undergoes regular revision, the date for the most recent update should be used.• It is often appropriate to include additional information after the title of the work (similar to including anedition number for a book). Sometimes this is included as part of the title (e.g. a report number).• The medium or format can be entered after the title (before the full stop) in square brackets.• When using direct quotes for sources that do not provide page numbers, use the paragraph number, ifpossible, preceded by the abbreviation ‘para.’ (e.g. Broome & Davies, 1999, para. 5). Alternatively,provide a heading or section name, or a heading or section name with a paragraph number.• When you are referring to specific information from a web page or web document within the text of anassignment, you must provide an author-date citation. If you are citing specific information, create areference following the guidelines for how to cite and reference a web page or web document. If you citeinformation from more than one page within the same website, you will need to create a separate item inyour reference list for each page.• If you are mentioning a website in passing, you do not need to include an entry in the reference list. Givethe website name in-text, and include the URL in parentheses, rather than the usual author-datecomponent. 1. WEBSITE HOME PAGEa) Mentioning website in passing – In-text, include the website name. Provide the URL in parentheses. Areference list entry is not required.b) Mentioning specific information available on the home page. If the information is likely or intended tochange, include the date you retrieved the information. If the author name and the website name are the same,omit the website name from the reference list entry.In-textExamples: 28 a) Comprehensive information about the University of Southern Queensland can be found on the University’swebsite (https://www.usq.edu.au/).b) USQ offers flexible study options (USQ, 2019).Referencea) No entry in the reference listb) Author Surname/Organisation, Initial. (Year). Title of work. Website Name. Retrieved Month Day, Year,from URLExamples:a) No entry in the reference listb) University of Southern Queensland. (2019). Retrieved September 9, 2019, from https://www.usq.edu.au2. WEB PAGE• Use this example for pages within a website• Include a retrieval date only if the information is likely or intended to change over time.• If the author name and the website name are the same, omit the website name from the reference list entry.In-text(Author Surname, Year)Example:Project work challenges …. (University of Southern Queensland, 2020).ReferenceAuthor Surname/Organisation, Initial. (Year). Title of the work. Website Name. Retrieved Month Day, Year,from URLExample:University of Southern Queensland. (2020). Overcoming project management pitfalls.https://www.usq.edu.au/research/regional-community-economic-development/project-managementpitfalls3. WEB DOCUMENT• Treat the same as a web page.• If there is a document number (i.e. for a report), and it is not formally a part of the title, it can be included after thetitle, within parentheses. Do not use italics for a document number.In-text(Author Surname, Year)Example: USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 29 Many students … (Hillman, 2005).Teacher registration … (Queensland College of Teachers, 2017).ReferenceAuthor Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of the work. Website Name. URLExample:Hillman, K. (2005). The first year experience: The transition from secondary school to university and TAFE inAustralia (Research Report 40). Australian Council for Educational Research.https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1043&context=lsay_researchQueensland College of Teachers. (2017). Professional boundaries: A guideline for Queensland teachers.https://www.qct.edu.au/pdf/Professional%20Boundaries%20-%20A%20Guideline%20for%20Queensland%20Teachers.pdf4. WIKI• Long topic titles can be shortened in the in-text citation.• In-text, use double quotation marks around the Title of Wiki Topic.• If an archived version of a wiki page is available (as is the case with Wikipedia pages) cite the archived version(no retrieval date is required). If there is no archived version of the wiki page you are citing, include the URL andthe date you retrieved the information.In-text(“Title of Wiki Topic,” Year)Example:The Pemberton arrived … (“Irish Famine Orphan Immigration,” 2014).ReferenceTitle of Wiki Topic. (Year, Month Day). In Title of Wiki. Retrieved Month Day, Year from URLExample:Irish Famine Orphan Immigration. (2014, June 20). In PROV Wiki.http://wiki.prov.vic.gov.au/index.php?title=Irish_Famine_Orphan_Immigration&oldid=166067 30 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide6. Government publicationsIn this chapter:ReportsAustralian Bureau of Statistics 1. REPORTS• Follow guidelines for Corporate (Group) Author and for Books, with the inclusion of a Report or ReferenceNumber if available.• For reports prepared for the government department, include individual author names only when they areincluded on the cover or title page. In this instance, include them as authors and the government department as thepublisher (unless stated otherwise).• If the author name and the publisher name are the same, omit the publisher name from the reference list entry.In-text(Government Department Name/Author Surname, Year)Examples:Higher education has … (Commonwealth Department of Education, Science and Training, 2002).Recreational hunting… (RM Consulting Group, 2019).ReferenceGovernment Department Name. (Year). Title of report (Reference Number). Publisher Name. DOI/URLExamples:Commonwealth Department of Education, Science and Training. (2002). Striving for quality: Learning,teaching and scholarship (DEST no. 6891.HERC02A).RM Consulting Group (2019). Economic and social impacts of recreational hunting and shooting: Finalreport. Australian Government Department of Health. https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/economic-and-social-impacts-of-recreational-hunting-and-shooting2. AUSTRALIAN BUREAU OF STATISTICS• Follow guidelines for Corporate (Group) AuthorIn-text(Australian Bureau of Statistics, Year).Example:Of the total … (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016). 31 ReferenceAustralian Bureau of Statistics. (Year). Title (Catalogue Number). URLExample:Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2016). Research and experimental development, higher educationorganisations, Australia (Catalogue No. 8111.0). https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8111.0 32 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide7. Social media and blogsIn this chapter:• Retain any nonstandard spelling and capitalisation in the post and include hashtags and emojis.• Make a note of any audiovisual material included in the post (e.g. photographs, videos) in squarebrackets after the title.In this chapter:Blog post InstagramBlog post comment TwitterFacebook 1. BLOG POST• If you are unable to locate the author’s name, use their handle/account name.In-text(Author Surname/Alias, Year)Example:Sinnamon (2019) states that …ReferenceAuthor Surname/Alias, Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of post. Title of Blog. URLExample: 33 Sinnamon, M. (2019, May 30). More historical Toowoomba newspapers now available via Trove. SL Blogs.http://blogs.slq.qld.gov.au/jol/2019/05/30/more-historical-toowoomba-newspapers-now-available-viatrove/2. BLOG POST COMMENT• The author is the person who left the blog post comment. If you are unable to locate the author’s name, use theirhandle/account name.• Where possible, provide the URL that will lead the reader directly to the blog post comment.In-text(Author Surname/Alias, Year)Example:Others agree … (Marin, 2019).ReferenceAuthor Surname/Alias, Initial. (Year, Month Day). Up to the first 20 words of the comment [Comment on theblog post “Blog post title”]. Title of Blog. URLExample:Marin. (2019, May 6). Thank you, Michael, for your PSA [Comment on the blog post “Feel a neck lump? Seeyour doctor”]. Mdbcancerjourney. https://mdbcancerjourney.com/2019/05/06/feel-a-neck-lump-seeyour-doctor/#comment-20633. FACEBOOK• If you are unable to locate the author’s name, use their handle/account name.• Note any audiovisual material included in the post (e.g. photographs, videos) in square brackets after the title.In-text 34 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide (Author Surname, Year)Example:In a recent announcement … (Gillard, 2011).ReferenceAuthor Surname, Initial [Account Name/Handle]. (Year, Month Day). Content or caption of the post (up to 20words) [Format]. Website Name. URLExample:Gillard, J. (2011, November 11). The PM has announced the Labor Government is prepared to provide over $2billion [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/juliagillard/posts/2636390403546564. INSTAGRAM• If you are unable to locate the author’s name, use their handle/account name.In-text(Author Surname, Year)Example:In the 60s … (USQ, 2017).ReferenceAuthor Surname, Initial [Account Name/Handle]. (Year, Month Day). Content or caption of the post (up to 20words) [Format]. Website Name. URLExample:USQ [@usqedu]. (2017, August 17). #throwbackthursday to study in the 60’s and life before the internet.[Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/BX4V9BIDKqu/5. TWITTER USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 35 • If you are unable to locate the author’s name, use their handle/account name.In-text(Author Surname, Year)Example:According to Pietsch (2018) …ReferenceAuthor Surname, Initial [Account Name/Handle]. (Year, Month Day). Content or caption of the post (up to 20words) [Format]. Website Name. URLExample:Regional Universities Network [RegUniNet]. (2019, December 18). On International #MigrantsDay, let’srecognize @usqedu’s Niloofar Vaghefi [Image attached] [Tweet]. Twitter.https://twitter.com/search?q=%23agriculture&src=trend_click&pt=1207061955900407808 36 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide8. Legislation and legal authoritiesIn this chapter:Legislation (includes Acts and Bills)Legal authorities (Cases)Treaties and International Conventions• The following examples are for the Australian jurisdiction only. For more comprehensive informationand other jurisdictions, see the Bluebook:Columbia Law Review Association, Harvard Law Review Association, University of PennsylvaniaLaw Review & Yale Law Journal. (2015). The bluebook: A uniform system of citation (20th ed.).Harvard Law Review Association.• Use the following Australian jurisdiction abbreviations: JurisdictionAbbreviationCommonwealthCthAustralian Capital TerritoryACTNew South WalesNSWNorthern TerritoryNTQueenslandQldSouth AustraliaSATasmaniaTasVictoriaVicWestern AustraliaWA 1. LEGISLATION: INCLUDES ACTS AND BILLSa) Acts – italicise the title of the Act.b) Bills – do not italicise the title.In-texta) Title of the Act Year (Jurisdiction Abbreviation)b) Title of Bill Year (Jurisdiction Abbreviation)Example:a) … according to s 15 of the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld). 37 b) The Interactive Gambling Bill 2001 (Cth) …Referencea) Title of the Act Year (Jurisdiction Abbreviation) Subdivision (if relevant) (Country Abbreviation).b) Title of the Bill Year (Jurisdiction Abbreviation) Subdivision (if relevant) (Country Abbreviation).Examples:a) Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld) s 15 (Austl.).b) Interactive Gambling Bill 2001 (Cth) cl 5 (Austl.).2. LEGAL AUTHORITIES (CASES)In-text(Case Party v Case Party, Year)Case Party v Case Party (Year)Example:In Mabo v Queensland (1988), it was argued that …ReferenceCase Party v Case Party (Year) Volume Number Reporter Abbreviation First Page (Country Abbreviation).Note: The addition of a URL at the end of the citation if the case was retrieved online is optional.Example:Mabo v Queensland (1988) 166 CLR 186 (Austl.).3. TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS• In the reference list, include the name of the treaty or convention, the date of signing or approval, and URL.In-text(Name of Treaty or Convention, Year) ORName of Treaty or Convention (Year)Example:(United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989)United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)ReferenceName of Treaty or Convention, Month Day, Year, URL 38 USQ APA 7 Referencing GuideExample:United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, November 20, 1989, https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspxUSQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 399. Non-government reportsIn this chapter:Non-government reportsTreat reports as books or web documents, and include a report number where available. 1. NON-GOVERNMENT REPORTS• Follow guidelines for Corporate (Group) Author, and for Books, with the inclusion of a Report or ReferenceNumber if available.• For online reports, identify the publisher in the source element of the reference unless the publisher is alsoidentified as the author.a) Businessb) Society, group or committeec) Technical or research reportIn-text(Author Surname/Organisation, Year)Examples:a) Revenue was … (BHP Billiton, 2018).b) Emergency services … (Beyond Blue Ltd., 2018).c) Aslin and Russell (2008) state that …ReferenceAuthor Surname/Organisation, Initial. (Year). Title (Report no.). Publisher Name. https://doi.org.xxx / URLExamples:a) BHP Billiton. (2018). BHP annual report 2018. https://www.bhp.com/-/media/documents/investors/annualreports/2018/bhpannualreport2018.pdfb) Beyond Blue Ltd. (2018). Answering the call national survey: Beyond Blue’s national mental health andwellbeing study of police and emergency services: Final report. http://resources.beyondblue.org.au/prism/file?token=BL/1898c) Aslin, H., & Russell, J. (2008). Social impacts of drought: Review of literature. Australian Bureau ofAgriculture and Resource Economics and Sciences. https://www.agriculture.gov.au/sites/default/files/abares/documents/socimpctdroughtlitrev2008-1.0.0.pdf 4010. Standards and patentsIn this chapter:StandardsPatents 1. STANDARDSIn-text(Name of Standards Organisation, Year)Example:Dimensional requirements … (Standards Australia & Standards New Zealand, 2018).ReferenceName of Standards Organisation. (Year). Title of standard (Standard number). Database Name. URLExample:Standards Australia & Standards New Zealand. (2018). Office desks, office workstations and tables intended tobe used as office desks: Mechanical, dimensional and general requirements and test methods (AS/NZS4442:2018). Standards Online Premium. https://www.saiglobal.com/online/2. PATENTSIn-text(Inventor, Year of Issue)Example:The invention … (Vandenbossche, 1977).ReferenceInventor Surname, Inventor Initial. (Year of Issue). Patent title (Patent No). Issuing Patent Office. URL.Example:Vandenbossche, B. E. (1977). Solar heater panel array securing apparatus (Australian Patent No. 81947/75).IP Australia. http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/ols/auspat/applicationDetails.do?applicationNo=1975081947 4111. Conference papers and proceedingsIn this chapter:Published papersUnpublished papers• When citing from a one-off proceeding, use the same format as for a book or book chapter.• For regularly published proceedings use the same format as journal articles. 1. PUBLISHED PAPERS• Capitalise the names of symposia, conferences, and meetings.a) One-offb) Regularly publishedIn-text(Author Surname, Year)Examples:a) Information literacy can be … (Hughes, 2002).b) Connectivity exists for … (Kozkovski & Van Strien, 2009).Referencea) Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Article title. In Editor Initial. Surname (Role abbrev.), ConferenceProceedings Title (pp. Page Range). Publisher.b) Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Article title. Conference Proceedings Title, Volume Number(Issue Number),Page Range. https://doi.org.xxx / URLExamples:a) Hughes, H. (2002). Information literacy with an international focus. In K. Appleton, C. Macpherson, & D.Orr (Eds.), International Lifelong Learning Conference: Refereed papers from the 2nd InternationalLifelong Learning Conference (pp. 208-213). Central Queensland University Press.b) Kozkovski, O., & Van Strien, S. (2009). Local connectivity and quasi-conformal rigidity of nonrenormalizable polynomials. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 99, 275-296.https://doi.org/10.1112/plms/pdn0552. UNPUBLISHED PAPERS• The date provided in the reference list entry should be the full date range of the conference rather than the specificdate the paper was presented. 42 In-text(Author Surname, Year)Example:… job strains were … (Liu et al., 2008).ReferenceAuthor Surname, Initial. (Year, Month, Date Range). Paper title [Format]. Conference Title, ConferenceLocation. DOI/URLExample:Liu, C., Wu, D., Fan, J., & Nauta, M. M. (2008, November, 12-14). Does job complexity predict job strains?[Paper presentation]. 8th Biannual Conference of the European Academy of Occupational HealthPsychology, Valencia, Spain. USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 4312. Theses and dissertationsIn this chapter:Theses and dissertations 1. THESES AND DISSERTATIONSa) Unpublishedb) Published – retrieved from a databasec) Published – retrieved from the webIn-text(Author Surname, Year)Example:a) In his data structures thesis … (Swinton, 1984).b) In a recent study … (Murray, 2008).c) Recent studies (McDonald, 2007) suggest …Referencea) Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of thesis/dissertation [Unpublished doctoral dissertation/Master’sthesis]. Name of Institution issuing degree.b) Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of thesis/dissertation [Doctoral dissertation/Master’s thesis, Institutionissuing degree]. Database Name.c) Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of thesis/dissertation [Doctoral dissertation/Master’s thesis, Institutionissuing degree]. Archive Name. URLExample:a) Swinton, M. A. (1984). Family stress in phenylketonuria [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University ofAuckland.b) Murray, B. P. (2008). Prior knowledge, two teaching approaches for metacognition: Main idea andsummarization strategies in reading (AAT 3302116) [Doctoral dissertation, Fordham University].ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.c) McDonald, J. (2007). The role of online discussion forums in supporting learning in higher education[Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern Queensland]. USQ ePrints. https://eprints.usq.edu.au/3588/2/McDonald_2007_whole.pdf 4413. Audiovisual materialIn this chapter:FilmTV or radioAudio• Indicate the format in square brackets (e.g. Film, TV series episode, Podcast, Artwork, Photograph.) 1. FILMa) Film – treat the director as author. If the director is unknown, credit someone in a similar role (e.g.producer).b) Streaming video – treat the individual or the group who uploaded the video as the author. The format in thereference list entry is given as ‘video’ rather than ‘streaming video.’c) YouTube – treat the individual or the group who uploaded the video as the author.To include a direct quote from an audiovisual source, provide a time stamp for the place in the film orstreaming video etc. that the quote begins (refer to example ‘b’)In-text(Producer Surname, Year)Examples:a) The film’s central thesis … (Howard, 2001).b) The documentary profiles … (Paor & Thompson, 2018, 1:36).c) Long-term memory is … (PsychExamReview, 2017).ReferenceDirector Surname, Initial (Role). (Year). Title [Format]. Studio / URLExamples:a) Howard, R. (Director). (2011). A beautiful mind [Film]. Universal Studios.b) Paor, B., & Thompson, J. (Directors). (2018). Robert Scheer: Above the fold: A profile of a legendaryjournalist [Video]. Kanopy. https://www.kanopy.com/c) PsychExamReview. (2017, March 5). Long-term memory (Intro Psych tutorial #73) [Video]. YouTube.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WK4TeETxwdM2. TV OR RADIOa) Program 45 b) Series – if the series is broadcast over a number of years, include this information in the date element ofyour reference list entry (e.g. 2010-2013).c) Single episode in series – each separate episode of a TV or Radio series will have its own title (similar toeach chapter in an edited book). Include the Director and Writer in the author element of your reference listentry (or similar roles if these aren’t available).In-text(Author Surname, Year)Examples:a) Julie Bishop stated … (The Project, 2019).b) (Gunton, 2009)c) The Queen was portrayed… (Caron & Morgan, 2019).Referencea) Author Surname, Initial. (Role). (Date Aired Year, Month Day). Title [Format]. TV Network.b) Author Surname, Initial. (Role). (Year). Title of series [TV series]. TV Network.c) Author Surname, Initial. (Role). (Date Aired Year, Month Day). Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.)[TV series episode]. In Author Initial. Surname (Role), Title of series. Production Company.Examples:a) The Project. (2019, June 20). https://10play.com.au/theprojectb) Gunton, M. (Executive Producer). (2009). Life [TV series]. BBC Natural History Unit.https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00lbpcyc) Caron, B. (Director), & Morgan, P. (Writer). (2019, November 17). Bubbikins. (Season 3, Episode 4) [TVseries episode]. In B. Caron, P. Martin, S. Daldry, J. Jarrold, P. Lowhorpe, S. Donovan, J. Hobbs, & C.Schwochow (Directors), The Crown. Left Bank Pictures; Sony Pictures Television Production UK.3. AUDIOa) Podcast episode – include the host in the Author element of your reference list entry. Include the episodenumber after the title, if available. For video podcast use [Video podcast] as the format.b) Recording from a music album – classical work. Include the composer name as the author. In thereference list, add the name of the artist who recorded the track after the title in square brackets. Add the yearthe track was composed at the end of the reference if different from the publication date of the track.c) Recording from a music album – other recordings. Include the recording artist name as the author fortracks that are not classical works. In the reference list, add the format ‘song’ after the title in square brackets.In-texta) (Author Surname, Year)b) (Composer Surname, Year of Composition/Publication Year)c) (Recording Artist Surname, Year) 46 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide Examples:a) The main factors … (Seega & Swan, 2008)b) Mozart’s serenade … (Mozart, 1787/2001)c) “Bird on the wire” … (Barnes & Cassar-Daley, 2005)Referencea) Author Surname, Initial. (Role). (Year, Month Day). Title of podcast episode (Podcast Episode Number)[Format]. In Title of Podcast. Production Company. URLb) Composer Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of recording [Song recorded by Artist Name (if different fromComposer)]. On Title of Album. Music Label. (Year of Composition)c) Recording Artist Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of recording [Song]. On Title of Album. Music Label.Examples:a) Swan, N. (Host). (2008, September 15). Closing the gap in a generation [Audio podcast episode]. In HealthReport. ABC. https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/healthreport/closing-the-gap-in-ageneration/3184854b) Mozart, W. A. (2001). Serenade in G, K.525 “Eine kleine Nachtmusik” – 1. Allegro [Song recorded byAcademy of St. Martin in the Fields and Sir Neville Marriner]. On Essential Mozart: 32 of hisgreatest masterpieces. Decca. (Original work published 1787).c) Barnes, J., & Cassar-Daley, T. (2005). Bird on the wire [Song]. On Double Happiness. Liberation Music. USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 4714. Images including tables, figures, graphs, maps, charts and datasetsIn this chapter:Fair dealing (copyrighted) Image (figure/table) you created yourselfReproducing with permission Personal photographCreative Commons (CC) licence Online photographPresentation slides• When referencing an image, treat it as you would a direct quote and include the page number/s. If youare mentioning an image but not reproducing or adapting it in your paper, follow the referencingguidelines for the type of source the image is displayed in.• If you are reproducing or adapting an image, you have the right to use copyrighted material inassignments, theses and other coursework, under the Fair Dealing provision of the Copyright Act. FairDealing allows you to copy ‘reasonable portions’ of material for research, study, criticism or review.• If you wish to use more than a reasonable portion of a copyrighted work, you must obtain writtenpermission from the copyright owner.• Reproduced or adapted images must be accompanied by a copyright statement. The statement will varyslightly dependent on the type of source, but in general, the information should appear in the followingorder◦ Title, author, year of publication, source, year or copyright, name of copyright holder (permissionstatement if necessary).• Include a reference list entry for the source of the image.• If you are unable to determine whether an image is copyrighted, assume that it is.• In the text of your assignment, refer to tables and figures by their number (e.g. As shown in Table 7, theconfidence limits…). Images are numbered in the order in which they are first mentioned in text.• Images are numbered with the word ‘Table’ or ‘Figure’, followed by the table or figure number (in boldtype and set flush left). The table or figure title is presented in italics and title case one double spacedline under the Table/Figure number.• For Researchers who have questions about reproducing or adapting images or tables for inclusion inpublications, please contact your Research Librarian at ResearchSupportTeam@usq.edu.au 1. FAIR DEALING (COPYRIGHTED)a) Bookb) Journal articlec) Website• The medium or format can be entered after the title (before the full stop) in square brackets (for an example, see‘Presentation Slides’ below).• Place the copyright statement:◦ at the end of the table note if the image is a table 48 ◦ at the end of the figure caption if the image is a figure◦ at the bottom of a slide in a PowerPoint presentationIn-texta) From [or Adapted from/Data in column 1 are from] Title of Book (Edition or Volume, p. Page Number), byAuthor Initial. Surname, Year, Publisher (DOI or URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder First NameSurname.b) From [or Adapted from/Data in column 1 are from] “Title of Article,” by Author Initial. Surname, Year,Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), p. Page Number (DOI or URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder FirstName Surname.c) From [or Adapted from/Data in column 1 are from] Title of Web Page, by Author Initial. Surname, Year,Website Name (DOI or URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder First Name Surname.Examples:a) From Research Basics: Design to Data Analysis in 6 Steps (p. 69), by J. V. Spickard, 2017, SAGE(https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/research-basics/book244998). Copyright 2017 by SAGE Publications.b) From “Beyond the ANZAC Spirit: Commemorating Civilian Experience of War,” by A. Atkinson-Phillips,2018, Studies in Western Australian History, 32, p. 142. Copyright 2018 by Alison Atkinson-Phillips.c) From 50 Meticulous Style Guides Every Startup Should See Before Launching, by M. Stribley, n.d., Canva(https://www.canva.com/learn/50-meticulous-style-guides-every-startup-see-launching/). Copyright 2015 byAmanda Michiru.ReferenceReference as usual for the source type where the image was taken.Examples:a) Spickard, J. V. (2017). Research basics: Design to data analysis in 6 steps. SAGE.b) Atkinson-Phillips, A. (2018). Beyond the ANZAC spirit: Commemorating civilian experience of war.Studies in Western Australian History, 32, 135-147.c) Stribley, M. (n.d.). 50 meticulous style guides every startup should see before launching. Canva.https://www.canva.com/learn/50-meticulous-style-guides-every-startup-see-launching/2. REPRODUCING WITH PERMISSION• Follow guidelines as above, but include a permission statement, and comply with any attribution request from thecopyright holder.• Only include a permissions statement if permission was sought and granted.In-textFrom [or Adapted from/Data in column 1 are from] Title of Book (Edition or Volume, p. Page Number), byAuthor Initial. Surname, Year, Publisher (DOI or URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder First NameSurname. Reprinted/Adapted with permission.Example: USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 49 From Research Basics: Design to Data Analysis in 6 Steps (p. 69), by J. V. Spickard, 2017, SAGE(https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/research-basics/book244998). Copyright 2017 by SAGE Publications.Reprinted with permission.ReferenceReference as usual for the source type where the image was taken.Example:Spickard, J. V. (2017) Research basics: Design to data analysis in 6 steps. SAGE.3. CREATIVE COMMONS (CC) LICENCEIn-text• Follow guidelines as above for the appropriate source type, up to (not including) the Copyright statement. Insteadof the Copyright statement, provide the Creative Commons license abbreviation.Example:From National Drug Strategy 2017-2026, by Commonwealth Department of Health, 2017(https://beta.health.gov.au/resources/publications/national-drug-strategy-2017-2026). CC BY-4.0.ReferenceExample:Commonwealth Department of Health. (2017). National drug strategy 2017-2016.https://beta.health.gov.au/resources/publications/national-drug-strategy-2017-20264. PRESENTATION SLIDESIn-text(Author Surname/Organisation, Year)Example:Correct usage … (OWL at Purdue University, n.d.).ReferenceAuthor Surname/Organisation, Author Initial. (Year). Title [Slide format]. Publisher. URLExample:OWL at Purdue University. (n.d.). Conquering the comma [PowerPoint slides]. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/conquering_the_comma_presentation.html5. IMAGE (FIGURE/TABLE) YOU CREATED YOURSELFIn-text 50 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide • Your in-text citation consists of providing an accurate and detailed description of the image, usually in the form ofa title.Example:Table 1Differences Between Investor and Grower PerspectivesReference• You do not need an entry in the reference list, but you must include detailed information with the image in-text.6. PERSONAL PHOTOGRAPHIn-text(Photographer Initial. Surname, personal photograph, Month Day, Year)Example:(M. A. Toby, personal photograph, May 2, 1987)Reference• A personal photograph is a form of Personal Communication and does not require an entry in the Reference List.7. ONLINE PHOTOGRAPHIn-text• Follow guidelines above if reproducing image.• Otherwise:(Photographer Surname, Year)Example:The photograph depicts … (Schmidt, 1947).ReferencePhotographer Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title [Photograph]. Website where photo was retrieved.URLExample:Schmidt, K. (1947). Waterford Ferry after the 1947 floods [Photograph]. Logan City Council Libraries.https://logan.bibliocommons.com/item/show/492574098?active_tab=content_advisory USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 5115. Computer software and appsIn this chapter:Computer programs or softwareApps• If you mention standard software, programming languages or apps (but do not quote or paraphrase fromthem) provide the name of the software (and the version number if helpful) in-text. Reference list entriesare not required.• If you mention specialised software, programming languages or apps which your audience is unlikely tobe familiar with, include an in-text citation and reference list entry.• If you quote or paraphrase from any software (standard or specialised) or apps, provide an in-textcitation and a reference list entry. 1. COMPUTER PROGRAMS OR SOFTWARE• Italicise the name of computer software or programming languages in the reference list entry. Do not italicisethem in-text.In-text(Author Surname/Organisation, Year)Example:ClinTools statistical software … (Devilly, 2005).ReferenceAuthor Surname/Organisation, Initial. (Year). Title (Version) [Computer Software/Language/Program].Publisher. URLExample:Devilly, G. J. (2005). ClinTools Software for Windows (Version 4) [Computer program]. Psytek.http://www.clintools.com/2. APPS• For apps where the information you are using is built in to the app, use the example here.• For apps that merely provide access to external information (e.g. Spotify), follow guidelines for the type of sourcebeing accessed (e.g. audio).• Italicise the name of apps in the reference list entry. Do not italicise them in-text.In-text 52 (Author Surname, Year)Example:3D Engineering Animations + can be used … (Kokare, 2019).ReferenceAuthor Surname/Organisation, Initial. (Year). Title (Version) [Mobile app]. Site where app was downloaded.URLExample:Kokare, V. (2019). 3D Engineering Animations + (Version 4.4) [Mobile app]. Google Play Store.https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.vaibhavkokare.thirddimension&hl=en USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 5316. Personal communicationsIn this chapter:Personal communications• Personal communications may be unpublished lecture notes, letters, memos, personal interviews,telephone conversations, email or messages from non-archived discussion groups or bulletin boards,posts or updates from social media accounts that are not publicly accessible, or photographs, images,tables or data that you created yourself.• Personal communications are usually non-recoverable from the reader’s perspective and are not to beincluded in the Reference List, but should be cited in-text as they are referred to.• Give the initials as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible.• Lecture notes are treated as personal communication if they are unpublished (i.e. not copied anddistributed in print or on the Internet with the instructor’s permission). 1. PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONSa) Generalb) PhotographIn-text(Correspondent Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)Examples:a) O. Sorenson (personal communication, May 29, 2018)b) (M. A. Toby, personal photograph, May 2, 1987)ReferenceNo entry. 5417. Pamphlet/brochure/fact sheetIn this chapter:Pamphlet/brochure/fact sheet 1. PAMPHLET/BROCHURE/FACT SHEETa) Pamphlet or brochureb) Fact sheetIn-text(Author Surname/Organisation, Year)Examples:a) The program is available … (USQ, 2019).b) The Anti-Discrimination Board of NSW (2017) outline …ReferenceAuthor Surname/Organisation, Initial. (Year). Title [Format]. Website Name. URLExamples:a) University of Southern Queensland. (2019). Accelerated entry pathways program (AEPP) – AEPP[Brochure]. https://www.usq.edu.au/handbook/2019/pdfs/AEPP.pdfb) Anti-Discrimination Board of NSW. (2017). Unfair treatment: Your rights [Fact sheet].https://www.antidiscrimination.justice.nsw.gov.au/Documents/unfair_treatment_Oct2017.pdf 5518. Indigenous materialsConsultation with University stakeholders is currently underway to discuss the inclusion of Indigenous works in ourUSQ referencing guides. The purpose of this consultation will be to show respect to Aboriginal and Torres StraitIslander cultural beliefs and practices and to develop referencing examples that give proper credit andacknowledgment to Indigenous people for their role in the development of Indigenous cultural material. If you needassistance to reference Indigenous works prior to the inclusion of examples in the USQ referencing guides, pleasecontact the Library.5619. USQ teaching materialsIn this chapter:Lecture notes and handouts Other online course materialCustomised publications Online course readingRecorded lecture Online forum or discussion groupStudyDesk resources:• When citing books, book chapters, journal articles, webpages and other resources that can be accessedindependently of the StudyDesk platform (e.g. by members of the public), follow the guidelines for theparticular reference type in other areas of this guide.• When citing resources that can only be accessed by USQ staff and students on StudyDesk, follow theguidelines for the reference type in other areas of this guide. However, include the StudyDesk homepageURL in the source component of the reference list entry. For example, to cite a PowerPoint slideavailable only on StudyDesk, construct your reference list entry using the example in the ‘PresentationSlides’ area of this guide and include the StudyDesk homepage URL as the final component of yourreference list entry. 1. LECTURE NOTES AND HANDOUTS• These are treated like personal communication if they are your own notes or unpublished. Lecture notes areconsidered published if they have been copied and distributed in print or online with the instructor’s permission.• If author’s name is unknown, move the title to the author position and italicise the title in-text.In-text(Faculty/Author Surname, Year)(Document Title, Year)Examples:The financial focus of … (Lewis, 2011).(EDC1300 Course Notes, 2011)ReferenceFaculty/Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Document title. Name of Site. URL of StudyDesk homepage.Example:Lewis, M. (2011, April 12). EDC1300 Perspectives in education: Course notes [Lecture notes].USQStudyDesk. https://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au/EDC1300 Perspectives in education: Course notes [Lecture notes]. (2011). USQStudyDesk.https://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au/ 57 2. CUSTOMISED PUBLICATIONS• In-text, give the year of the original source first, followed by the year of the custom publication (separated by aslash).• In the reference list entry, give details of the custom publication first, followed by the original source inparentheses.• When using page numbers, use the page numbers of the book of readings.In-text(Author Surname/Organisation, Year)Example:The staff resource … (Mishkin & Eakins, 2012/2012).ReferenceAuthor Surname/Organisation, Initial. (Year). Reading Title. In Editor Initial. Editor Surname (Role), Coursepublication title (Edition, pp. Page range). Publisher. (Reprinted from Source title, Edition, pp. PageRange, Source Publisher).Example:Mishkin, F. S., & Eakins, S. G. (2012). Overview of the financial system. In D. Pensiero & G. Adkins(Comps.), FIN8201 Finance for executives (pp. 55-75). Pearson Australia. (Reprinted from Financialmarkets and institutions, 7th ed., pp. 55-75, by F. S. Mishkin & S. G. Eakins, 2012, Pearson Education).3. RECORDED LECTURE• Follow guidelines for citing a podcast.In-text(Author Surname, Year)Example:Reading strategies…. (Petersen, 2011).ReferenceAuthor Surname, Initial. (Role). (Year, Month Day). Title of podcast [Format]. Site Name. URLExample:Petersen, S. (Host). (2011, August 15). Classroom reading pedagogy: Reading strategies [Video podcast].USQStudyDesk. https://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au/4. OTHER ONLINE COURSE MATERIAL• Identify the source type and follow guidelines for that type. 58 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 5. ONLINE COURSE READINGa) When citing course readings that can be accessed independently of the StudyDesk platform (e.g. bymembers of the public), follow the guidelines for the particular reference type in other areas of this guide.b) When citing resources that can only be accessed by USQ staff and students on StudyDesk, follow theguidelines for the reference type in other areas of this guide. However, include the StudyDesk homepage URLin the source component of the reference list entry.In-text(Author Surname, Year)Example:a) The key to finding hope … (Bolles, 2013).a) A study states that … (Radford, 2001).b) The tripartite model … (Lynch, 2019).ReferenceIdentify the source type and follow guidelines for that type.Examples:a) Bolles, R. N. (2013). What color is your parachute?: A practical manual for job-hunters and careerchangers. Ten Speed Press.a) Radford, M. (2001). Aesthetic and religious awareness among pupils: Similarities and differences. BritishJournal of Music Education, 18(2), 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265051701000249b) Lynch, B. (2019). MGT1000 Organisation behaviour and management: Lecture 01.02 an introduction toself-management [PowerPoint slides]. USQStudyDesk. https://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au/6. ONLINE FORUM OR DISCUSSION GROUP• If a full name is not available, use the account name.In-text(Author Surname, Year)Example:Smith (2018) suggests …ReferenceAuthor Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of post [Online forum]. Name of Site. URL of StudyDeskhomepage.Example: USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 59Smith, J. (2018, April 1). Module 2 discussion [Online forum]. USQStudyDesk.https://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au/60 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide20. OtherIn this chapter:Interview RealiaPress release Australian CurriculumSpeech Birth, death and marriage certificatesManuscripts ArtworkYour own previous assignment 1. INTERVIEWIdentify the type of source and follow guidelines for citing that type (e.g. if the interview was recorded andsaved as a podcast, cite it as you would a podcast).a) Transcript of recorded interview (recording not accessible) – use date transcript created.b) Recorded and available in Archivec) Personal – if non-recoverable for the reader, treat as a personal communication.In-text(Interviewee Surname, Year)Examples:a) Schooling in the 30s … (Gammage, 1983).b) Nicholas-Borg (1991) states …c) O. Sorenson (personal communication, May 29, 2018)Referencea) Interviewee Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title [Format]. Name of Collection/Series (Referencenumber). Name of Repository: Location.b) Interviewee Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title [Format]. Name of Repository, Location.Examples:a) Gammage, H. (1983, July 27). Helen Gammage interviewed by Bill Gammage for the Australia 1938 oralhistory project [Interview transcript]. Australia 1938 Oral History Project (ORAL TRC 2404 Int. no.1150). National Library of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia.b) Nicholas-Borg, M. (1991, December 22). Manwel Nicholas-Borg interviewed by Barry York for the MalteseAustralian folklife and social history project [Interview]. National Library of Australia, Canberra,ACT, Australia.c) No entry 61 2. PRESS RELEASEIn-text(Surname, Year)Example:The plan provides … (Morrison & Hunt, 2019).ReferenceAuthor Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title [Press release]. Publisher. DOI/URLExample:Morrison, S., & Hunt, G. (2019, April 10). Boosting health services in Tasmania [Press release]. AustralianGovernment Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. https://www.pm.gov.au/media/boostinghealth-services-tasmania3. SPEECH• For a speech you attended, with no available recording/ transcript, reference as a personal communication.Otherwise, determine the source type you are referring to and follow guidelines for referencing the source.In-text(Author Surname, Year)Example:The Prime Minister stated … (Morrison, 2019).ReferenceAuthor Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of work where speech is from. Publisher. DOI/URLExample:Morrison, S. (2019, February 14). Statement to the House of Representatives: Closing the gap 2019 [Speechtranscript]. Australian Government Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet.https://www.pm.gov.au/media/statement-house-representatives-closing-gap-20194. MANUSCRIPTSa) Unpublished manuscript – include the Department name and the University name if available.b) Manuscript in an archive/repository• Follow up on these if practical to ensure you are referring to the most current version, possibly the finalpublication.In-text 62 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide (Author Surname, Year)Example:a) Sports equipment was found … (Geisel, n.d.).b) As discussed in Nicholas-Borg (1969) …Referencea) Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title. [Unpublished manuscript / Manuscript submitted for publication /Manuscript in preparation]. Institution/University Department Name, Institution/University Name.b) Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title. Database Name/Archive Name. DOI/URLExample:a) Geisel, T. S. (n.d.). All sorts of sports. [Unpublished manuscript].b) Nicholas-Borg, M. (1969). Papers of Manwel Nicholas-Borg, 1969-1991 (MS 8348) [Manuscript]. NationalLibrary of Australia.5. YOUR OWN PREVIOUS ASSIGNMENTIn-text(Your Surname, Year)Example:Smith (2018) states that …ReferenceYour Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of assignment. [Unpublished manuscript]. Institution/UniversityDepartment Name, Institution/University Name.Example:Smith, J. (2018). MGT1000 Organisational behaviour and management: Assignment 1. [Unpublishedmanuscript]. School of Management and Enterprise, University of Southern Queensland.6. REALIA• Follow guidelines for books, but use appropriate format in square brackets.• For unknown author, a shortened title can be used in-text.• In-text, use title case for the title.a) Gameb) Flashcardc) RealiaIn-text USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 63 (Author Surname, Year)OR(Title, Year)Examples:a) Activities such as … (Fractions are as Easy, 1985).b) Puzzles develop logical thinking … (Zupelz – Orange, n.d.).c) Hands-on activities … (Measuring Cylinders, n.d.).ReferenceAuthor Surname/Organisation, Initial. (Year). Title [Format]. Producer.ORTitle [Format]. (Year). Producer.Examples:a) Fractions are as easy as pie: A game of common fractions [Game]. (1985). Media materials.b) Zupelz – orange: Stimulating logical thinking: one puzzle at a time [Flashcard]. (n.d.). Origo Education.c) Measuring cylinders [Realia]. (n.d.). Gradplex.7. AUSTRALIAN CURRICULUM ON THE ACARA WEBSITE• Follow guidelines for Corporate (Group) Author• Use the abbreviation n.d. if there is no date of publication associated with the content you are citing. Do not usethe copyright date provided in the footer of the webpage as this may not relate to the actual content you are citing.• In the reference list entry, include a description of the source in square brackets after the title.• Australian Curriculum can be generated on the ACARA website as a webpage (i.e. HTML format) or as a PDFdocument.◦ If you generate curriculum in HTML format: the title in your reference list entry should include ‘Australian curriculum’ followed by the Subject Areaand Year Level. include the full URL in the source component of your reference list entry or a shortened URL.◦ If you generate curriculum in PDF format: the title in your reference list entry should include ‘Australian curriculum’ followed by the Subject Area,Year Levels, Units (if applicable) and Curriculum Elements you selected to generate the curriculum. In the source component of your reference list entry, use the URL in the address bar on the ACARAwebsite (i.e.https://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/download?view=f10)• Include a retrieval date because Australian curriculum is likely to change over time and is unarchived. A retrievaldate indicates to the reader that the version they access may be different to the version you viewed.In-textExample:The Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA, 2017) describes…. (first citation) 64 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide OR…. (Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority [ACARA], 2017) (first citation)… (ACARA, 2017) (subsequent citations)ReferenceExample:Organisation Name. (Year). Title [Description]. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL.Webpage/HTML format:Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority. (n.d.). Australian curriculum: English: Foundationto year 10 curriculum [Curriculum Document]. Retrieved September 15, 2020, from https://bit.ly/31IfCydPDF format:Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority. (n.d.). Australian curriculum: Mathematics: Seniorsecondary curriculum: Unit 4: Global transformations: All curriculum elements [Curriculum Document].Retrieved September 15, 2020, from https://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/download?view=f108. BIRTH, DEATH AND MARRIAGE CERTIFICATESa) Obtained from the holding Repository directlyb) Obtained from a subscription database• Description of source should be as accurate as possible so that the reader may locate the same copy you are citing.• Common examples for ‘description of source’ include:◦ certified copy◦ digital download◦ digitised copy◦ index◦ user-generated tree◦ database entryIn-textExample:a) James was born in Mulgrave (“James Allister,” 1866).b) They married in 1877 (“Owen Johnson and Elizabeth Raymen,” 1877).Reference“Person’s Full Name”. (Year of event). Birth/Death/Marriage certificate of person’s Full Name/s, Month DayYear of event (Reference number, Location of Register if different from Location of your source)[Description of source]. Site Name. DOI/URLExamples:a) “James Allister”. (1866). Birth certificate of James Allister, January 27 1866 (Registration no. 16901/1866)[Digital download]. Births Deaths and Marriages Victoria. https://my.rio.bdm.vic.gov.au/efamilyhistory/5e12f7e75dd90523336dac5f/results?q=efamily USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide 65 b) “Owen Johnson and Elizabeth Raymen”. (1877). Marriage certificate of Owen Johnson and ElizabethRaymen, February 11 1877 (p78/jn1/085, London Metropolitan Archives) [Index]. Ancestry.https://www.ancestry.com/9. ARTWORKa) In galleryb) In exhibition• Unless it is an important part of your discussion, a simple description, such as painting, installation, or sculpture isadequate. Dimensions and/or specifics of materials are not required.In-text(Artist Surname, Year)Example:a) In The Cypriot (Dobel, 1940) …b) Time (Andrew, 2012) is an example …Referencea) Artist Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of artwork [Description]. Name of Gallery, Gallery Location.b) Artist Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of artwork [Description]. Name of Gallery, Gallery Location.Example:a) Dobel, W. (1940). The Cypriot [oil on canvas]. Queensland Art Gallery, Brisbane.b) Andrew, B. (2012). Time [Mixed media print]. Queensland Art Gallery and Gallery of Modern Art,Brisbane. 66 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide21. Sample reference listA sample reference list is presented below to demonstrate the format of a reference list in APA 7 style. Forspecific guidelines on preparing a reference list, refer to the section ‘Formatting the reference list’ in Chapter1 of this guide.ReferencesAustralian Bureau of Statistics. (2016). Research and experimental development, higher educationorganisations, Australia (Catalogue No. 8111.0). https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8111.0Bernstein, D. K., & Tiegerman, E. (1989). Language and communication disorders in children (2nd ed.).Merrill.Commonwealth Department of Education, Science and Training. (2002). Striving for quality: Learning,teaching and scholarship (DEST no. 6891.HERC02A).Hughes-Warrington, M. (2007). History goes to the movies: Studying history on film. EPDF.PUB.https://epdf.pub/history-goes-to-the-movies-studying-history-on-film.htmlJacobs, G. M., & Hall, S. (2002). Implementing cooperative learning. In J. C. Richards & W. A. Renandya(Eds.), Methodology in language teaching: An anthology of current practice (pp. 52-58). CambridgeUniversity Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667190.009Lewis, M. (2011, April 12). EDC1300 Perspectives in education: Course notes [Lecture notes].USQStudyDesk. https://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au/Oliveros, C. H., Field, D. J., Ksepka, D. T., Barker, F. K., Aleixo, A., Andersen, M. J., Alstrom, P., Benz, B.W., Braun, E. L., Braun, M. J., Bravo, G. A., Brumfield, R. T., Chesser, R. T., Claramunt, S., Cracraft,J., Cuervo, A. M., Derryberry, E. P., Glenn, T. C., Harvey, M. G., … Faircloth, B. C. (2019). Earthhistory and the passerine superradiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the UnitedStates, 116(16), 7916-7925. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813206116“Owen Johnson and Elizabeth Raymen”. (1877). Marriage certificate of Owen Johnson and Elizabeth67Raymen, February 11 1877 (p78/jn1/085, London Metropolitan Archives) [Index]. Ancestry.https://www.ancestry.com/Petersen, S. (2011). Classroom reading pedagogy: Reading strategies [Video podcast]. USQStudyDesk.https://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au/PsychExamReview. (2017, March 5). Long-term memory (Intro Psych tutorial #73) [Video]. YouTube.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WK4TeETxwdM68 USQ APA 7 Referencing Guide